Tag Archives: Property

Update-List

February 26, 2014 Adam

SYNOPSIS
Adds items to and removes items from a property value that contains a collection of objects.

SYNTAX
Update-List [-Add <Object[]>] [-Remove <Object[]>] [[-Property] <string>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

Update-List -Replace <Object[]> [[-Property] <string>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Update-List cmdlet adds items to and removes items from a property value of an object, and then it returns the updated object. This cmdlet is designed for properties that contain collections of objects.

The Add and Remove parameters add individual items to and remove them from the collection. The Replace parameter replaces the entire collection.

If you do not specify a property in the command, Update-List returns an object that describes the update instead of updating the object. You can submit the update object to cmdlets that change objects, such as Set-* cmdlets.

This cmdlet works only when the property that is being updated supports the IList interface that Update-List uses. Also, any Set-* cmdlets that accept an update must support the IList interface. The core cmdlets that are installed with Windows PowerShell do not support this interface. To determine whether a cmdlet supports Update-List, see the cmdlet Help topic.

PARAMETERS
-Add <Object[]>
Specifies the property values to be added to the collection. Enter the values in the order that they should appear in the collection.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies the objects to be updated. You can also pipe the object to be updated to Update-List.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <string>
Identifies the property that contains the collection that is being updated. If you omit this parameter, Update-List returns an object that represents the change instead of changing the object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Remove <Object[]>
Specifies the property values to be removed from the collection.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Replace <Object[]>
Specifies a new collection. This parameter replaces all items in the original collection with the items specified by this parameter.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe the objects to be updated to Update-List.

OUTPUTS
Objects or System.Management.Automation.PSListModifier
Update-List returns the updated object, or it returns an object that represents the update action.

NOTES

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>get-mailbox | Update-List -Property Aliases -Add “A”,”B” -Remove “X”,”Y” | set-mailbox

    Description
    ———–
    This command adds A and B and removes X and Y from the Aliases property of a mailbox.

The command uses the Get-MailBox cmdlet from Microsoft Exchange Server to get the mailbox. A pipeline operator sends the mailbox object to the Update-List cmdlet.

The Update-List command uses the Property parameter to indicate that the Aliases property of the mailbox is being updated, and it uses the Add and Remove parameters to specify the items that are being added and removed from the collection. The Aliases property fulfills the conditions of Update-List, because it stores a collection of Microsoft .NET Framework objects that have Add and Remove methods.

The Update-List cmdlet returns the updated mailbox, which is piped to the Set-MailBox cmdlet, which changes the mailbox.

For more information about Get-Mailbox, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=111536.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>$m = get-mailbox

C:\PS> Update-List -InputObject $m -Property Aliases -Add “A”,”B” -Remove “X”, “Y” | set-mailbox

    Description
    ———–
    This command adds A and B to the value of the Aliases property of a mailbox and removes X and Y. This command has the same effect as the previous command, although it has a slightly different format.

The command uses the Get-MailBox cmdlet to get the mailbox, and it saves the mailbox in the $m Variable. This command uses the InputObject parameter of Update-List to specify the mailbox. The value of InputObject is the mailbox in the $m Variable. It uses the Property parameter to specify the Aliases property and the Add and Remove parameters to specify the items being added to and removed from the value of Aliases.

The command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the updated mailbox object to the Set-Mailbox cmdlet, which changes the mailbox.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>get-mailbox | set-mailbox -alias (Update-List -Add “A”, “B” -Remove “X”,”Y”)

    Description
    ———–
    This command adds A and B to the value of the Aliases property of a mailbox and removes X and Y. This command has the same effect as the two previous commands, but it uses a different procedure to perform the task.

Instead of updating the Aliases property of the mailbox before sending it to Set-Mailbox, this command uses Update-List to create an object that represents the change. Then it submits the change to the Alias parameter of Set-Mailbox.

The command uses the Get-MailBox cmdlet to get the mailbox. A pipeline operator sends the mailbox object to the Set-Mailbox cmdlet, which changes mailboxes.

The command uses the Alias parameter of Set-Mailbox to change the Aliases property of the mailbox object. The value of the Alias parameter is an Update-List command that creates an object that represents the update. The Update-List command is enclosed in parentheses to ensure that it runs before the value of the Alias parameter is evaluated. When the Set-Mailbox command completes, the mailbox is changed.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Update-List -InputObject $a -Property Aliases -replace “A”, “B” | set-mailbox

    Description
    ———–
    This command uses the Replace operator of Update-List to replace the collection in the Aliases property of the object in $a with a new collection.

This command uses the InputObject parameter which, in this case, is equivalent to using a pipeline operator to pass $a to Update-List.

RELATED LINKS
Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113447
Select-Object

cmdlet, Object, Sort

Sort-Object

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Sort-Object

SYNOPSIS
Sorts objects by property values.

SYNTAX
Sort-Object [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-CaseSensitive] [-Culture <string>] [-Descending] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-Unique] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Sort-Object cmdlet sorts objects in ascending or descending order based on the values of properties of the object.

You can specify a single property or multiple properties (for a multi-key sort), and you can select a case-sensitive or case-insensitive sort. You can also direct Sort-Object to display only the objects with a unique value for a particular property.

PARAMETERS
-CaseSensitive [<SwitchParameter>]
Indicates that the sort should be case sensitive. By default, sorting is not case sensitive.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Culture <string>
Specifies the cultural configuration to use when sorting.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Descending [<SwitchParameter>]
Sorts the objects in descending order. The default is ascending order.

The Descending parameter applies to all properties. To sort by some properties in
ascending order and others in descending order, you must specify their property values by using a hash table. For details, see the examples.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies the objects to be sorted.

When you use the InputObject parameter to submit a collection of items, Sort-Object receives one object that represents the collection. Because one object cannot be sorted, Sort-Object returns the entire collection unchanged.

To sort objects, pipe them to Sort-Object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <Object[]>
Specifies the properties to use when sorting. Objects are sorted based on the values of these properties. Enter the names of the properties. Wildcards are permitted.

If you specify multiple properties, the objects are first sorted by the first property. If more than one object has the same value for the first property, those objects are sorted by the second property. This process continues until there are no more specified properties or no groups of objects.

If you do not specify properties, the cmdlet sorts based on default properties for the object type.

The value of the Property parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:

        — Expression <string> or <script block>
        — Ascending <Boolean>
        — Descending <Boolean>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? true

-Unique [<SwitchParameter>]
Eliminates duplicates and returns only the unique members of the collection. You can use this parameter instead of using the Get-Unique cmdlet.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe the objects to be sorted to Sort-Object.

OUTPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
Sort-Object returns the sorted objects.

NOTES

Sort-Object sorts objects based on the properties that you specify or the default sort properties for objects of that type.

If an object does not have one of the specified properties, the property value for that object is interpreted by the cmdlet as NULL and is placed at the end of the sort order.

When sorting objects, Sort-Object uses the Compare method for each property. If a property does not implement IComparable, the cmdlet converts the property value to a string and uses the Compare method for System.String.

The Sort-Object cmdlet sorts objects in ascending or descending order based on the values of properties of the object.

If you sort on a property whose value is an enumeration, Sort-Object sorts the enumeration values in numeric order; it does not sort the enumeration member names. For example, if you sort services by status, services with a status of “Stopped” appear before services with a status of “Running”, because the value of Status is a ServiceControllerStatus enumeration, in which “Stopped” has a value of 1 and “Running” has a value of 4.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object

    Mode                LastWriteTime     Length Name
    —-                ————-     —— —-
    -a—         9/13/2005 4:24 PM         0 0
    -a—         9/6/2005 4:19 PM         12 a.csv
    -a—         9/21/2005 3:49 PM        529 a.Ps
    -a—         8/22/2005 4:14 PM         22 a.pl
    -a—         9/27/2005 10:33 AM         24 a.txt
    -a—         9/15/2005 10:31 AM        398 a.vbs
    -a—         7/21/2005 12:39 PM     37066 a.xml
    -a—         8/28/2005 11:30 PM     5412 a.xslt
    -a—        10/25/2005 1:59 PM        125 AdamTravel.txt
    -a—         7/21/2005 9:49 AM         59 add2Num.Ps
    -a—         8/29/2005 5:42 PM     7111 Add-Content.xml
    -a—         9/21/2005 12:46 PM     8771 aliens.Ps
    -a—         8/10/2005 2:10 PM        798 array.xml
    -a—         8/4/2004 5:00 AM        110 AUTORUN.INF
    -a—         9/6/2005 4:20 PM        245 b.csv
    …

    Description
    ———–
    This command sorts the subdirectories and files in the current directory. Because no properties are specified, the files and directories are sorted in ascending alphabetical order by their default sort property, Name.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object -Property length

    Mode                LastWriteTime     Length Name
    —-                ————-     —— —-
    -a—         12/3/2006 5:35 PM         2 pref.txt
    -a—         9/6/2006 3:33 PM         15 count.txt
    -a—         7/26/2006 10:01 AM         30 filenoext
    -a—         8/18/2006 9:02 AM         52 temp.ps1
    -a—         8/18/2006 9:02 AM         52 temp.msh
    -a—         9/6/2006 3:33 PM         56 fivewords.txt
    -a—         7/26/2006 9:28 AM         80 date.csv
    -a—         7/29/2006 7:15 PM         84 test2.txt
    -a—         7/29/2006 7:15 PM         84 test.ps1

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the files in the current directory in ascending order by file length.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property WS | Select-Object -last 5

    Handles NPM(K)    PM(K)     WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s)     Id ProcessName
    ——- ——    —–     —– —– ——     — ———–
     1105     25    44236     18932 197    93.81 2032 iexplore
     2526     66    37668     36836 221 393.27    868 svchost
        974     19    22844     45928 371    88.39 3952 WINWORD
     1371     22    42192     61872 323    75.75 1584 INFOPATH
     2145     58    93088     70680 619 396.69 3908 OUTLOOK

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the five processes on the computer with the greatest memory use based on the size of their working sets.

The command uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get a list of processes. It uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the results to the Sort-Object cmdlet, which sorts the objects in working-set order.

Another pipeline operator sends the results to the Select-Object, which displays only the last five items in the list.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-History | Sort-Object -Descending

    Description
    ———–
    This command sorts HistoryInfo objects using the Id property as the default key.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

    C:\PS>C:\PS> Get-Service | Sort-Object -Property `
    @{Expression=”Status”;Descending=$true}, `
    @{Expression=”DisplayName”;Descending=$false}

    Status Name             DisplayName
    —— —-             ———–
    Running ALG                Application Layer Gateway Service
    Running Ati HotKey Poller Ati HotKey Poller
    Running wuauserv         Automatic Updates
    Running BITS             Background Intelligent Transfer Ser…
    Running Client for NFS     Client for NFS
    …
    Stopped clr_optimizatio… .NET Runtime Optimization Service v…
    Stopped Alerter            Alerter
    Stopped AppMgmt            Application Management
    Stopped aspnet_state     ASP.NET State Service
    Stopped ATI Smart         ATI Smart
    Stopped ClipSrv            ClipBook

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the services on the computer in descending Status order and ascending DisplayName order.

The command uses the Get-Service cmdlet to get the services on the computer. It uses a pipeline operator (|) to send services to the Sort-Object cmdlet.

To sort one property in ascending order and another property in descending order, the command uses a hash table for the value of the Property parameter. The hash table uses an Expression key to specify the property name and an Ascending or Descending key to specify the sort order.

The resulting display, which sorts the Status values in descending order, lists properties with a Status value of “Running” before those with a Status value of “Stopped”. When sorted in ascending order, “Stopped” appears before “Running”, because Status is an enumerated property in which the value of “Stopped” (1) is less than the value of “Running” (4).

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem *.txt | Sort-Object -Property @{Expression={$_.LastWriteTime – $_.CreationTime}; Ascending=$false} | Format-Table LastWriteTime, CreationTime

    LastWriteTime                         CreationTime
    ————-                         ————
    2/21/2006 10:22:20 AM                 10/3/2005 4:19:40 PM
    2/27/2006 8:14:24 AM                    2/23/2006 10:41:08 PM
    2/24/2006 1:26:19 PM                    2/23/2006 11:23:36 PM
    1/5/2006 12:01:35 PM                    1/5/2006 11:35:30 AM
    2/24/2006 9:25:40 AM                    2/24/2006 9:22:24 AM
    2/24/2006 9:40:01 AM                    2/24/2006 9:39:41 AM
    2/21/2006 10:21:30 AM                 2/21/2006 10:21:30 AM

    Description
    ———–
    This command sorts text files in descending order by the time span between CreationTime and LastWriteTime.

————————– EXAMPLE 7 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Content servers.txt

    localhost
    test01
    server01
    server02
    localhost
    server01

    C:\PS> Get-Content servers.txt | Sort-Object -Unique
    localhost
    server01
    server02
    test01

    Description
    ———–
    These commands sort the names of servers in a text file. The second command uses the Sort-Object cmdlet with the Unique parameter to return a sorted list without duplicates.

RELATED LINKS
Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113403
Group-Object

cmdlet, Object, Select

Select-Object

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Select-Object

SYNOPSIS
Selects specified properties of an object or set of objects. It can also select unique objects from an array of objects, or it can select a specified number of objects from the beginning or end of an array of objects.

SYNTAX
Select-Object [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-ExcludeProperty <string[]>] [-ExpandProperty <string>] [-First <int>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-Last <int>] [-Skip <int>] [-Unique] [<CommonParameters>]

Select-Object [-Index <Int32[]>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-Unique] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Select-Object cmdlet gets only the specified properties of an object or set of objects. It can also select unique objects from an array of objects, or it can select a specified number of objects from the beginning or end of an array of objects.

If you use Select-Object to select specified properties, it copies the values of those properties from the input objects and creates new objects that have the specified properties and copied values.

Use the Property parameter to specify the properties you want to select. Or, use the First, Last, Unique, Skip, and Index parameters to select particular objects from an array of input objects. For more specific object filtering, use the Where-Object cmdlet.

PARAMETERS
-ExcludeProperty <string[]>
Removes the specifies properties from the selection. Wildcards are permitted. This parameter is effective only when the command also includes the Property parameter.

The value of the property parameter can be a calculated property, which is a hash table that specifies a name and calculates a value for the property display. Valid keys are:

— Name or Label <string>
— Expression <string> or <scriptblock>

For more information, see the examples.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? true

-ExpandProperty <string>
Specifies a property to select, and indicates that an attempt should be made to expand that property. Wildcards are permitted in the property name.

For example, if the specified property is an array, each value of the array is included in the output. If the property contains an object, the properties of that object are displayed in the output.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? true

-First <int>
Specifies the number of objects to select from the beginning of an array of input objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Index <Int32[]>
Selects objects from an array based on their index values. Enter the indexes in a comma-separated list.

Indexes in an array begin with 0, where 0 represents the first value and (n-1) represents the last value.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies objects to send to the cmdlet through the pipeline. This parameter enables you to pipe objects to Select-Object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Last <int>
Specifies the number of objects to select from the end of an array of input objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <Object[]>
Specifies the properties to select. Wildcards are permitted.

        The value of the Property parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:
        — Name (or Label) <string>
        — Expression <string> or <script block>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? true

-Skip <int>
Skips (does not select) the specified number of items. By default, the Skip parameter counts from the beginning of the array or list of objects, but if the command uses the Last parameter, it counts from the end of the list or array.

Unlike the Index parameter, which starts counting from 0, the Skip parameter begins at 1.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Unique [<SwitchParameter>]
Specifies that if a subset of the input objects has identical properties and values, only a single member of the subset will be selected.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe any object to Select-Object.

OUTPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject

NOTES

You can also refer to Select-Object by its built-in Alias, “select”. For more information, see about_aliases.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Select-Object ProcessName,Id,WS

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays a list of processes. Only the name, ID, and working set (WS) properties of the processes are displayed.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Select-Object processname -ExpandProperty modules |
Format-List

    ProcessName     : 00THotkey
    Size             : 256
    Company         : TOSHIBA Corporation
    FileVersion     : 1, 0, 0, 27
    ProductVersion    : 6, 2, 0, 0
    Description     : THotkey
    Product         : TOSHIBA THotkey
    ModuleName        : 00THotkey.exe
    FileName         : C:\WINDOWS\system32\00THotkey.exe
    BaseAddress     : 4194304

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays information about the modules used by the processes running on a computer. It uses the ExpandProperty parameter to display the details contained within the modules property.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property WS | Select-Object -Last 5

    Handles NPM(K)    PM(K)     WS(K) VS(M) CPU(s)     Id ProcessName
    ——- ——    —–     —– —– ——     — ———–
     2866     320    33432     45764 203 222.41 1292 svchost
        577     17    23676     50516 265    50.58 4388 WINWORD
        826     11    75448     76712 188    19.77 3780 Ps
     1367     14    73152     88736 216    61.69    676 Ps
     1612     44    66080     92780 380 900.59 6132 INFOPATH

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the five processes that are using the most memory. The Sort-Object cmdlet is used to sort the processes according to memory (working set) usage, and the Select-Object cmdlet is used to select only the last five members of the resulting array of objects.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Select-Object -Property ProcessName,@{Name=”Start Day”; Expression = {$_.StartTime.DayOfWeek}}

    ProcessName StartDay
    —-         ——–
    alg         Wednesday
    ati2evxx     Wednesday
    ati2evxx     Thursday
    …

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the name and start day of the processes running on a computer.

The values of the Property parameter are ProcessName and a calculated property named “Start Day.” The “Start Day” property is added by using a hash table with Name and Expression keys.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>”a”,”b”,”c”,”a”,”a”,”a” | Select-Object -Unique

    a
    b
    c

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays unique characters from an array of characters.

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>$a = Get-Eventlog -log “Windows PowerShell”

C:\PS> $a | Select-Object -index 0, ($a.count – 1)

    Description
    ———–
    These commands get the first (newest) and last (oldest) events in the Windows Powershell event log.

The first command uses the Get-EventLog cmdlet to get all events in the Windows Powershell log. It saves the events in the $a Variable.

The second command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the events in $a to the Select-Object cmdlet. The Select-Object command uses the Index parameter to select items by their index number. The index for the first event is 0. The index for the last event is the number of items in $a minus 1.

————————– EXAMPLE 7 ————————–

C:\PS>New-PSSession -computername (Get-Content servers.txt | Select-Object -Skip 1)

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates a new PSSession on each of the computers listed in the Servers.txt files, except for the first one.

This command uses the Select-Object cmdlet to select all but the first computer in a list of computer names. The resulting list of computers is set as the value of the ComputerName parameter of the New-PSSession cmdlet.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113387
    Where-Object
    Group-Object
    Sort-Object

cmdlet, New, Object

New-Object

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
New-Object

SYNOPSIS
Creates an instance of a Microsoft .NET Framework or COM object.

SYNTAX
New-Object -ComObject <string> [-Strict] [-Property <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

New-Object [-TypeName] <string> [[-ArgumentList] <Object[]>] [-Property <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The New-Object cmdlet creates an instance of a .NET Framework or COM object.

You can specify either the type of a .NET Framework class or a ProgID of a COM object. By default, you type the fully qualified name of a .NET Framework class and the cmdlet returns a reference to an instance of that class. To create an instance of a COM object, use the ComObject parameter and specify the ProgID of the object as its value.

PARAMETERS
-ArgumentList <Object[]>
Specifies a list of arguments to pass to the constructor of the .NET Framework class. Separate elements in the list by using commas (,). The Alias for ArgumentList is Args.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ComObject <string>
Specifies the programmatic identifier (ProgID) of the COM object.

-Property <hashtable>
Sets property values and invokes methods of the new object.

Enter a hash table in which the keys are the names of properties or methods and the values are property values or method arguments. New-Object creates the object and sets each property value and invokes each method in the order that they appear in the hash table.

If the new object is derived from the PSObject class, and you specify a property that does not exist on the object, New-Object adds the specified property to the object as a NoteProperty. If the object is not a PSObject, the command generates a non-terminating error.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Strict [<SwitchParameter>]
Specifies that an error should be raised if the COM object that you attempt to create uses an interop assembly. This enables you to distinguish actual COM objects from .NET Framework objects with COM-callable wrappers.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-TypeName <string>
Specifies the fully qualified name of the .NET Framework class. You cannot specify both the TypeName parameter and the ComObject parameter.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
None
You cannot pipe input to this cmdlet.

OUTPUTS
Object
New-Object returns the object that is created.

NOTES

New-Object provides the most commonly-used Functionality of the VBScript CreateObject Function. A statement like Set objShell = CreateObject(“Shell.Application”) in VBScript can be translated to $objShell = New-Object -comobject “Shell.Application” in Windows PowerShell.

New-Object expands upon the Functionality available in the Windows Script Host Environment by making it easy to work with .NET Framework objects from the command line and within scripts.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>New-Object -TypeName System.Version -ArgumentList “1.2.3.4”

    Major Minor Build Revision
    —– —– —– ——–
    1     2     3     4

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates a System.Version object using the string “1.2.3.4” as the constructor.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>$ie = New-Object -comobject InternetExplorer.Application -Property @{navigate2=”www.microsoft.com”; visible = $true}

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates an instance of the COM object that represents the Internet Explorer application. It uses the Property parameter to call the Navigate2 method and to set the Visible property of the object to $true to make the application visible.

This command is the equivalent of the following:

    $ie = New-Object -comobject InternetExplorer.Application
    $ie.navigate2(“www.microsoft.com”)
    $ie.visible = $true

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>$a=New-Object -comobject Word.Application -strict -Property @{visible=$true}

    New-Object : The object written to the pipeline is an instance of the type
    “Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.ApplicationClass” from the component’s prima
    ry interop assembly. If this type exposes different members than the IDispa
    tch members, scripts written to work with this object might not work if the
     primary interop assembly is not installed.
    At line:1 char:14
    + $a=New-Object <<<< -COM Word.Application -Strict; $a.visible=$true

    Description
    ———–
    This command demonstrates that specifying the Strict parameter causes the New-Object cmdlet to generate a non-terminating error when the COM object that is created uses an interop assembly.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>$objshell = New-Object -comobject “Shell.Application”

C:\PS> $objshell | Get-Member

C:\PS> $objshell.ToggleDesktop()

    Description
    ———–
    The command uses the ComObject parameter to create a COM object with the “Shell.Application” ProgID. It stores the resulting object in the $objShell Variable.

The second command pipes the $objShell Variable to the Get-Member cmdlet, which displays the properties and methods of the COM object.

The third command calls the ToggleDesktop method of the object to minimize the open windows on your desktop.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113355
    Compare-Object
    Select-Object
    Sort-Object
    ForEach-Object
    Group-Object
    Measure-Object
    Tee-Object
    Where-Object

cmdlet, Measure, Object

Measure-Object

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Measure-Object

SYNOPSIS
Calculates the numeric properties of objects, and the characters, words, and lines in string objects, such as files of text.

SYNTAX
Measure-Object [-Average] [-Maximum] [-Minimum] [-Sum] [[-Property] <string[]>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

Measure-Object [-Character] [-IgnoreWhiteSpace] [-Line] [-Word] [[-Property] <string[]>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Measure-Object cmdlet calculates the property values of certain types of object. Measure-Object performs three types of measurements, depending on the parameters in the command.
The Measure-Object cmdlet performs calculations on the property values of objects. It can count objects and calculate the minimum, maximum, sum, and average of the numeric values. For text objects, it can count and calculate the number of lines, words, and characters.

PARAMETERS
-Average [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays the average value of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Character [<SwitchParameter>]
Counts the number of characters in the input object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-IgnoreWhiteSpace [<SwitchParameter>]
Ignores white space in word counts and character counts. By default, white space is not ignored.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies the objects to be measured. Enter a Variable that contains the objects, or type a command or expression that gets the objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Line [<SwitchParameter>]
Counts the number of lines in the input object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Maximum [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays the maximum value of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Minimum [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays the minimum value of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <string[]>
Specifies one or more numeric properties to measure. The default is the Count (Length) property of the object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value                Count
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Sum [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays the sum of the values of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Word [<SwitchParameter>]
Counts the number of words in the input object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe objects to Measure-Object.

OUTPUTS
GenericMeasureInfo or TextMeasureInfoObject

NOTES

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Measure-Object

    Description
    ———–
    This command counts the files and folders in the current directory.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Measure-Object -Property length -Minimum -Maximum -Average

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the minimum, maximum, and sum of the sizes of all files in the current directory, and the average size of a file in the directory.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Content C:\test.txt | Measure-Object -character -line -word

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the number of characters, words, and lines in the Text.txt file.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Measure-Object -Property workingset -Minimum -Maximum -Average

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the minimum, maximum, and average sizes of the working sets of the processes on the computer.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>Import-Csv d:\test\serviceyrs.csv | Measure-Object -Property years -Minimum -Maximum -Average

    Description
    ———–
    This command calculates the average years of service of the employees of a company.

The ServiceYrs.csv file is a CSV file that contains the employee number and years of service of each employee. The first row in the table is a header row of “EmpNo, Years”.

When you use Import-Csv to import the file, the result is a PSCustomObject with note properties of EmpNo and Years. You can use Measure-Object to calculate the values of these properties, just like any other property of an object.

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Measure-Object -Property psiscontainer -max -Sum -min -Average

    Count    : 126
    Average : 0.0634920634920635
    Sum     : 8
    Maximum : 1
    Minimum : 0
    Property : PSIsContainer

    Description
    ———–
    This example demonstrates the Measure-Object can measure Boolean values. In this case, it uses the PSIsContainer Boolean property to measure the incidence of folders (vs. files) in the current directory.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113349
    Compare-Object
    ForEach-Object
    Group-Object
    New-Object
    Select-Object
    Sort-Object
    Tee-Object
    Where-Object

cmdlet, Group, Object

Group-Object

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Group-Object

SYNOPSIS
Groups objects that contain the same value for specified properties.

SYNTAX
Group-Object [-AsHashTable] [-AsString] [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-CaseSensitive] [-Culture <string>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-NoElement] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Group-Object cmdlet displays objects in groups based on the value of a specified property. Group-Object returns a table with one row for each property value and a column that displays the number of items with that value.

If you specify more than one property, Group-Object first groups them by the values of the first property, and then, within each property group, it groups by the value of the next property.

PARAMETERS
-AsHashTable [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns the group as a hash table. The keys of the hash table are the property values by which the objects are grouped. The values of the hash table are the objects that have that property value.

By itself, the AsHashTable parameter returns each hash table in which each key is an instance of the grouped object. When used with the AsString parameter, the keys in the hash table are strings.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                GroupInfo object
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-AsString [<SwitchParameter>]
Converts the hash table keys to strings. By default, the hash table keys are instances of the grouped object. This parameter is valid only when used with the AsHashTable parameter.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                GroupInfo objects
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-CaseSensitive [<SwitchParameter>]
Makes the grouping case-sensitive. Without this parameter, the property values of objects in a group might have different cases.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Culture <string>
Specifies the culture to use when comparing strings.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies the objects to group. Enter a Variable that contains the objects, or type a command or expression that gets the objects.

When you use the InputObject parameter to submit a collection of objects to Group-Object, Group-Object receives one object that represents the collection. As a result, it creates a single group with that object as its member.

To group the objects in a collection, pipe the objects to Group-Object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-NoElement [<SwitchParameter>]
Omits the members of a group from the results.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <Object[]>
Specifies the properties for grouping. The objects are arranged into groups based on the value of the specified property.

The value of the Property parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, create a hash table with an Expression key that specifies a string or script block value.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe any object to Group-Object

OUTPUTS
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GroupInfo or System.Collections.Hashtable
When you use the AsHashTable parameter, Group-Object returns a hash table. Otherwise, it returns a GroupInfo object.

NOTES

You can also use the GroupBy parameter of the formatting cmdlets (such as Format-Table [m2] and Format-List [m2]) to group objects. Unlike Group-Object, which creates a single table with a row for each property value, the GroupBy parameters create a table for each property value with a row for each item that has the property value.

Group-Object does not require that the objects being grouped be of the same Microsoft .NET Framework type. When grouping objects of different .NET Framework types, Group-Object uses the following rules:

— Same Property Names and Types: If the objects have a property with the specified name, and the property values have the same .NET Framework type, the property values are grouped by using the same rules that would be used for objects of the same type.

— Same Property Names, Different Types: If the objects have a property with the specified name, but the property values have a different .NET Framework type in different objects, Group-Object uses the .NET Framework type of the first occurrence of the property as the .NET Framework type for that property group. When an object has a property with a different type, the property value is converted to the type for that group. If the type conversion fails, the object is not included in the group.

— Missing Properties: Objects that do not have a specified property are considered ungroupable. Ungroupable objects appear in the final GroupInfo object output in a group named AutomationNull.Value.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem *.doc | Group-Object -Property length

    Description
    ———–
    This command gets the files in the current location that have a .doc extension and groups them by size.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object -Property extension | Group-Object -Property extension

    Description
    ———–
    This command gets the files in the current location, sorts them by file name extension, and then groups them by file name extension. Note that the files are sorted before they are grouped.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>1..35 | Group-Object -Property {$_ % 2},{$_ % 3}

    Description
    ———–
    This example shows how to use script blocks as the value of the Property parameter.

This command displays the integers from 1 to 35, grouped by the remainder left when they are divided by 2 or 3.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>$events = Get-Eventlog -logname system -newest 1000

C:\PS> $events | Group-Object -Property eventID

    Count Name                     Group
    —– —-                     —–
     44 Information             {System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntry,
        5 Error                     {System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntry,
        1 Warning                 {System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntry}

    Description
    ———–
    These commands display the 1,000 most recent entries in the System event log, grouped by Event ID.

The first command uses the Get-EventLog cmdlet to retrieve the events and the assignment operator (=) to save them in the $events Variable.

The second command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the events in the $events Variable to the Group-Object cmdlet. The command uses the Property parameter to specify that the events should be grouped according to the value of their EventID property.

In the output, the Count column represents the number of entries in each group, the Name column represents the EventID values that define a group, and the Group column represents the objects in each group.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Group-Object -Property priorityclass

    Count Name                Group
    —– —-                —–
     55 Normal             {System.Diagnostics.Process (AdtAgent), System.Diagnostics.Process (alg), System.Dia…
        1                     {System.Diagnostics.Process (Idle)}
        3 High                {System.Diagnostics.Process (Newproc), System.Diagnostics.Process (winlogon), System.D…
        2 BelowNormal         {System.Diagnostics.Process (winperf),

    C:\PS>Get-Process | Group-Object -Property company -NoElement
    Count Name
    —– —-
     55 Normal
        1
        3 High
        2 BelowNormal

    Description
    ———–
    This example demonstrates the effect of the NoElement parameter. These commands group the processes on the computer by priority class.

The first command uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get the processes on the computer. It uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the results to Group-Object, which groups the objects by the value of the PriorityClass property of the process.

The second command is identical to the first, except that it uses the NoElement parameter to eliminate the members of the group from the output. The result is a table with only the count and property value name.

The results are shown in the following sample output.

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Eventlog -logname system -newest 1000 | Group-Object -Property {$_.TimeWritten – $_.TimeGenerated}

    Description
    ———–
    This command demonstrates how to provide the value of the Property parameter as a script block.

This command displays the most recent 1,000 entries from the system event log, grouped according to the time between when they were generated and when they were written to the log.

The command uses the Get-EventLog cmdlet to get the event log entries. It uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the entries to the Group-Object cmdlet. The value of the Property parameter is specified as a script block (an expression in braces). The result of evaluating the script block is the time between when the log entry was generated and when it was written to the log. That value is used to group the 1,000 most recent events.

————————– EXAMPLE 7 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Group-Object extension -NoElement

    Count Name
    —– —-
     21
     82 .txt
        9 .cmd
        5 .log
     12 .xml
        5 .htm
     36 .ps1
        1 .psc1
        3 .exe
        6 .csv
        1 .psd1
        2 .bat

    Description
    ———–
    This command groups the items in the current directory by file name extension. It uses the NoElement parameter to omit the members of the group.

The results are shown in the following sample output.

————————– EXAMPLE 8 ————————–

C:\PS>”a”, “b”, “c”, “c”, “d” | Get-Unique

    a
    b
    c
    d

    C:\PS> “a”, “b”, “c”, “c”, “d” | Group-Object -NoElement | where {$_.Count -gt 1}
    Count Name
    —– —-
        2 c

    C:\PS> Get-Process | Group-Object -Property Name -NoElement | where {$_.count -gt 1}
    Count Name
    —– —-
        2 csrss
        5 svchost
        2 winlogon
        2 wmiprvse

    Description
    ———–
    This example shows how to find the unique and non-unique (repeated) property values in a collection.

The first command gets the unique elements of an array by piping the array to the Get-Unique cmdlet.

The second command gets the non-unique elements of an array. It pipes the array to the Group-Object cmdlet, which groups the objects by value. The resulting groups are piped to the Where-Object cmdlet, which selects objects with groups with more than one member.

The third command shows a practical use for this technique. It uses the same method to find processes on the computer that have the same process name.

The results are shown in the following sample output.

————————– EXAMPLE 9 ————————–

C:\PS>$a = Get-Command get-*, set-* -type cmdlet | Group-Object -Property verb -AsHashTable -AsString

C:\PS> $a

    Name    Value
    —-    —–
    Get     {Get-PSCallStack, Get-PSBreakpoint, Get-PSDrive, Get-PSSession…}
    Set     {Set-Service, Set-StrictMode, Set-PSDebug, Set-PSSessionConfiguration…}

C:\PS> $a.get

    CommandType     Name                 Definition
    ———–     —-                 ———-
    Cmdlet         Get-PSCallStack     Get-PSCallStack [-Verbose] [-Debug] [-ErrorAction <ActionPrefer…
    Cmdlet         Get-PSBreakpoint     Get-PSBreakpoint [[-Id] <Int32[]>] [-Verbose] [-Debug] [-ErrorA…
    Cmdlet         Get-PSDrive         Get-PSDrive [[-Name] <String[]>] [-Scope <String>] [-PSProvider…
    …

    Description
    ———–
    This example uses the AsHashTable and AsString parameters to return the groups in a hash table, that is, as a collection of key-value pairs.

In the resulting hash table, each property value is a key, and the group elements are the values. Because each key is a property of the hash table object, you can use dot notation to display the values.

The first command gets the Get and Set cmdlets in the session, groups them by verb, returns the groups as a hash table, and saves the hash table in the $a Variable.

The second command displays the hash table in $a. There are two key-value pairs, one for the Get cmdlets and one for the Set cmdlets.

The third command uses dot notation to display the values of the Get key in $a. The values are CmdletInfo object. The AsString parameter does not convert the objects in the groups to strings.

RELATED LINKS
Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113338

cmdlet, Get, WmiObject

Get-WmiObject

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Get-WmiObject

SYNOPSIS
Gets instances of Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) classes or information about the available classes.

SYNTAX
Get-WmiObject [-Authority <string>] [-Amended] [-AsJob] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [<CommonParameters>]

Get-WmiObject [[-Class] <string>] [-Authority <string>] [-List] [-Recurse] [-Amended] [-AsJob] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [<CommonParameters>]

Get-WmiObject [-Authority <string>] [-Amended] [-AsJob] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [<CommonParameters>]

Get-WmiObject [-Class] <string> [[-Property] <string[]>] [-Authority <string>] [-DirectRead] [-Filter <string>] [-Amended] [-AsJob] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [<CommonParameters>]

Get-WmiObject -Query <string> [-Authority <string>] [-DirectRead] [-Amended] [-AsJob] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Get-WmiObject cmdlet gets instances of WMI classes or information about the available WMI classes. The ComputerName parameter can always be used to specify a remote computer. If the List parameter is specified, the cmdlet gets information about the WMI classes that are available in a specified namespace. If the Query parameter is specified, the cmdlet runs a WMI query language (WQL) statement.

The Get-WmiObject cmdlet does not use the Windows PowerShell remoting infrastructure to perform remote operations. You can use the ComputerName parameter of the Get-WmiObject cmdlet even if your computer does not meet the requirements for Windows PowerShell remoting and even if your computer is not configured for remoting in Windows PowerShell.

PARAMETERS
-Amended [<SwitchParameter>]
Gets or sets a value that indicates whether the objects that are returned from WMI should contain amended information. Typically, amended information is localizable information, such as object and property descriptions, that is attached to the WMI object..

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-AsJob [<SwitchParameter>]
Runs the command as a background job. Use this parameter to run commands that take a long time to finish.

When you use the AsJob parameter, the command returns an object that represents the background job and then displays the command prompt. You can continue to work in the session while the job finishes. If Get-WmiObject is used against a remote computer, the job is created on the local computer, and the results from remote computers are automatically returned to the local computer. To manage the job, use the cmdlets that contain the Job noun (the Job cmdlets). To get the job results, use the Receive-Job cmdlet.

Note: To use this parameter with remote computers, the local and remote computers must be configured for remoting. Additionally, you must start Windows PowerShell by using the “Run as administrator” option in Windows Vista and later versions of Windows,. For more information, see about_remote_requirements.

For more information about Windows PowerShell background jobs, see about_jobs and about_remote_Jobs.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authentication <AuthenticationLevel>
Specifies the authentication level to be used with the WMI connection. Valid values are:

        -1: Unchanged
        0: Default
        1: None (No authentication in performed.)
        2: Connect (Authentication is performed only when the client establishes a relationship with the application.)
        3: Call (Authentication is performed only at the beginning of each call when the application receives the request.)
        4: Packet (Authentication is performed on all the data that is received from the client.)
        5: PacketIntegrity (All the data that is transferred between the client and the application is authenticated and verified.)
        6: PacketPrivacy (The properties of the other authentication levels are used, and all the data is encrypted.)

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authority <string>
Specifies the authority to use to authenticate the WMI connection. You can specify standard NTLM or Kerberos authentication. To use NTLM, set the authority setting to ntlmdomain:<DomainName>, where <DomainName> identifies a valid NTLM domain name. To use Kerberos, specify kerberos:<DomainName>\<ServerName>”. You cannot include the authority setting when you connect to the local computer.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Class <string>
Specifies the name of a WMI class. When this parameter is used, the cmdlet retrieves instances of the WMI class.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ComputerName <string[]>
Specifies the computer against which you want to run the management operation. The value can be a fully qualified domain name, a NetBIOS name, or an IP address. Use the local computer name, use localhost, or use a dot (.) to specify the local computer. The local computer is the default. When the remote computer is in a different domain from the user, you must use a fully qualified domain name. This parameter can also be piped to the cmdlet.

This parameter does not rely on Windows PowerShell remoting, which uses WS-Management ). You can use the ComputerName parameter of Get-WmiObject even if your computer is not configured to run WS-Management remote commands.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user. Type a user name, such as “User01”, “Domain01\User01”, or User@Contoso.com. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as an object that is returned by the Get-Credential cmdlet. When you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-DirectRead [<SwitchParameter>]
Specifies whether direct access to the WMI provider is requested for the specified class without any regard to its base class or to its derived classes.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-EnableAllPrivileges [<SwitchParameter>]
Enables all the privileges of the current user before the command makes the WMI call.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Filter <string>
Specifies a Where clause to use as a filter. Uses the syntax of the WMI Query Language (WQL).

Important: Do not include the Where keyword in the value of the parameter. For example, the following commands return only the logical disks that where the DeviceID equals ‘c:’ and the services where the name equals ‘WinRM’, without using the Where keyword:

Get-WmiObject Win32_LogicalDisk -Filter “DeviceID = ‘c:’ ”
Get-WmiObject win32_service -Filter “name=’WinRM'”

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Impersonation <ImpersonationLevel>
Specifies the impersonation level to use. Valid values are:

        0: Default (reads the local Registry for the default impersonation level , which is usually set to “3: Impersonate”.)
        1: Anonymous (Hides the credentials of the caller.)
        2: Identify (Allows objects to query the credentials of the caller.)
        3: Impersonate (Allows objects to use the credentials of the caller.)
        4: Delegate (Allows objects to permit other objects to use the credentials of the caller.)

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-List [<SwitchParameter>]
Specifies whether to retrieve and display the names of the WMI classes in the WMI repository namespace that is specified in the Namespace parameter. The Default Namespace Registry entry in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WBEM\Scripting Registry key is not used by this cmdlet to determine the default namespace. If you specify the List parameter but not the Namespace parameter, the root\CIMV2 namespace is used by default.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Locale <string>
Specifies the preferred locale for WMI objects. Specify the value of the Locale parameter as an array in the MS_<LCID> format in the preferred order .

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Namespace <string>
When used with the Class parameter, this parameter specifies the WMI repository namespace where the referenced WMI class is located. When used with the List parameter, it specifies the namespace from which to gather WMI class information.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <string[]>
Specifies the WMI class property or set of properties to retrieve.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Query <string>
Specifies a WMI Query Language (WQL) statement to run. Event queries are not supported by this parameter.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Recurse [<SwitchParameter>]
Makes the command search the current namespace and all other namespaces for the class name that is specified in the Class parameter.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ThrottleLimit <int>
Allows the user to specify a throttling value for the number of WMI operations that can be executed simultaneously. This parameter is used together with the AsJob parameter.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
None
You cannot pipe input to Get-WmiObject.

OUTPUTS
PSObject or System.Management.Automation.RemotingJob
When you use the AsJob parameter, the cmdlet returns a job object. Otherwise, the object that Get-WmiObject returns depends on the value of the Class parameter.

NOTES

To access WMI information on a remote computer, the cmdlet must run under an account that is a member of the local administrators group on the remote computer. Alternatively, the default access control on the WMI namespace of the remote repository can be changed to give other account access rights.

By default, only some of the properties of a WMI class are displayed. The set of properties that will be displayed for each WMI class is specified in the Types.ps1xml configuration file. One of the examples included in this Help topic demonstrates how to override this behavior by using the Format-List cmdlet.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-WmiObject win32_process

    __GENUS                    : 2
    __CLASS                    : Win32_Process
    __SUPERCLASS             : CIM_Process
    __DYNASTY                 : CIM_ManagedSystemElement
    __RELPATH                 : Win32_Process.Handle=”0″
    __PROPERTY_COUNT         : 45
    __DERIVATION             : {CIM_Process, CIM_LogicalElement, CIM_ManagedSystemElement}
    __SERVER                 : SYSTEM01
    __NAMESPACE                : root\cimv2
    __PATH                     : \\SYSTEM01\root\cimv2:Win32_Process.Handle=”0″
    Caption                    : System Idle Process
    CommandLine                :
    CreationClassName         : Win32_Process
    CreationDate             :
    CSCreationClassName        : Win32_ComputerSystem
    CSName                     : SYSTEM01
    Description                : System Idle Process
    ExecutablePath             :
    ExecutionState             :
    Handle                     : 0
    HandleCount                : 0
    InstallDate                :
    KernelModeTime             : 6138394740432
    MaximumWorkingSetSize     :
    MinimumWorkingSetSize     :
    Name                     : System Idle Process
    OSCreationClassName        : Win32_OperatingSystem
    OSName                     : Microsoftr Windows VistaT Ultimate |C:\Windows|\Device\Harddisk0\Partition3
    OtherOperationCount        : 0
    OtherTransferCount         : 0
    PageFaults                 : 0
    PageFileUsage             : 0
    ParentProcessId            : 0
    PeakPageFileUsage         : 0
    PeakVirtualSize            : 0
    PeakWorkingSetSize         : 0
    Priority                 : 0
    PrivatePageCount         : 0
    ProcessId                 : 0
    QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage     : 0
    QuotaPagedPoolUsage        : 0
    QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage : 0
    QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage    : 0
    ReadOperationCount         : 0
    ReadTransferCount         : 0
    SessionId                 : 0
    Status                     :
    TerminationDate            :
    ThreadCount                : 2
    UserModeTime             : 0
    VirtualSize                : 0
    WindowsVersion             : 6.0.6001
    WorkingSetSize             : 24576
    WriteOperationCount        : 0
    WriteTransferCount         : 0
    ProcessName                : System Idle Process
    Handles                    : 0
    VM                         : 0
    WS                         : 24576
    Path                     :

…

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays information about all the processes that are running on a computer.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-WmiObject win32_service -ComputerName 127.0.0.1

    __GENUS                    : 2
    __CLASS                    : Win32_Process
    __SUPERCLASS             : CIM_Process
    __DYNASTY                 : CIM_ManagedSystemElement
    __RELPATH                 : Win32_Process.Handle=”0″
    __PROPERTY_COUNT         : 45
    __DERIVATION             : {CIM_Process, CIM_LogicalElement, CIM_ManagedSystemElement}
    __SERVER                 : SYSTEM02
    __NAMESPACE                : root\cimv2
    __PATH                     : \\SYSTEM02\root\cimv2:Win32_Process.Handle=”0″
    Caption                    : System Idle Process
    CommandLine                :
    CreationClassName         : Win32_Process
    CreationDate             :
    CSCreationClassName        : Win32_ComputerSystem
    CSName                     : SYSTEM02
    Description                : System Idle Process
    ExecutablePath             :
    ExecutionState             :
    Handle                     : 0
    HandleCount                : 0
    InstallDate                :
    KernelModeTime             : 6138394740432
    MaximumWorkingSetSize     :
    MinimumWorkingSetSize     :
    Name                     : System Idle Process
    OSCreationClassName        : Win32_OperatingSystem
    OSName                     : Microsoftr Windows VistaT Ultimate |C:\Windows|\Device\Harddisk0\Partition3
    OtherOperationCount        : 0
    OtherTransferCount         : 0
    PageFaults                 : 0
    PageFileUsage             : 0
    ParentProcessId            : 0
    PeakPageFileUsage         : 0
    PeakVirtualSize            : 0
    PeakWorkingSetSize         : 0
    Priority                 : 0
    PrivatePageCount         : 0
    ProcessId                 : 0
    QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage     : 0
    QuotaPagedPoolUsage        : 0
    QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage : 0
    QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage    : 0
    ReadOperationCount         : 0
    ReadTransferCount         : 0
    SessionId                 : 0
    Status                     :
    TerminationDate            :
    ThreadCount                : 2
    UserModeTime             : 0
    VirtualSize                : 0
    WindowsVersion             : 6.0.6001
    WorkingSetSize             : 24576
    WriteOperationCount        : 0
    WriteTransferCount         : 0
    ProcessName                : System Idle Process
    Handles                    : 0
    VM                         : 0
    WS                         : 24576
    Path                     :

…

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays information about the services on the remote computer. It displays the information by specifying the Internet Protocol (IP) address 127.0.0.1. You can change this IP address to any other valid IP address on your network so that you can display information about the services on that remote computer. By default, the account you are running under must be a member of the local administrators group on the remote computer that you specify .

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-WmiObject -Namespace “root/default” -list

NameSpace: ROOT\default

    Name                                Methods             Properties
    —-                                ——-             ———-
    __NotifyStatus                     {}                 {StatusCode}
    __ExtendedStatus                    {}                 {Description, Operation, ParameterInfo, ProviderName…}
    __SecurityRelatedClass             {}                 {}
    __Trustee                         {}                 {Domain, Name, SID, SidLength…}
    __NTLMUser9X                        {}                 {Authority, Flags, Mask, Name…}
    __ACE                             {}                 {AccessMask, AceFlags, AceType, GuidInheritedObjectType…}
    __SecurityDescriptor                {}                 {ControlFlags, DACL, Group, Owner…}
    __PARAMETERS                        {}                 {}
    __SystemClass                     {}                 {}
    __ProviderRegistration             {}                 {provider}
    __EventProviderRegistration         {}                 {EventQueryList, provider}
    __ObjectProviderRegistration        {}                 {InteractionType, provider, QuerySupportLevels, SupportsBat…
    __ClassProviderRegistration         {}                 {CacheRefreshInterval, InteractionType, PerUserSchema, prov…
    __InstanceProviderRegistration     {}                 {InteractionType, provider, QuerySupportLevels, SupportsBat…
    __MethodProviderRegistration        {}                 {provider}
    __PropertyProviderRegistration     {}                 {provider, SupportsGet, SupportsPut}
    __EventConsumerProviderRegistration {}                 {ConsumerClassNames, provider}
    __thisNAMESPACE                     {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR}
    __NAMESPACE                         {}                 {Name}
    __IndicationRelated                 {}                 {}
    __FilterToConsumerBinding         {}                 {Consumer, CreatorSID, DeliverSynchronously, DeliveryQoS…}
    __EventConsumer                     {}                 {CreatorSID, MachineName, MaximumQueueSize}
    LogFileEventConsumer                {}                 {CreatorSID, Filename, IsUnicode, MachineName…}
    ActiveScriptEventConsumer         {}                 {CreatorSID, KillTimeout, MachineName, MaximumQueueSize…}
    NTEventLogEventConsumer             {}                 {Category, CreatorSID, EventID, EventType…}
    SMTPEventConsumer                 {}                 {BccLine, CcLine, CreatorSID, FromLine…}
    CommandLineEventConsumer            {}                 {CommandLineTemplate, CreateNewConsole, CreateNewProcessGro…
    __AggregateEvent                    {}                 {NumberOfEvents, Representative}
    __TimerNextFiring                 {}                 {NextEvent64BitTime, TimerId}
    __EventFilter                     {}                 {CreatorSID, EventAccess, EventNamespace, Name…}
    __Event                             {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TIME_CREATED}
    __NamespaceOperationEvent         {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetNamespace, TIME_CREATED}
    __NamespaceModificationEvent        {}                 {PreviousNamespace, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetNamespace, T…
    __NamespaceDeletionEvent            {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetNamespace, TIME_CREATED}
    __NamespaceCreationEvent            {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetNamespace, TIME_CREATED}
    __ClassOperationEvent             {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetClass, TIME_CREATED}
    __ClassDeletionEvent                {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetClass, TIME_CREATED}
    __ClassModificationEvent            {}                 {PreviousClass, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetClass, TIME_CREA…
    __ClassCreationEvent                {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetClass, TIME_CREATED}
    __InstanceOperationEvent            {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetInstance, TIME_CREATED}
    __InstanceCreationEvent             {}                 {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, TargetInstance, TIME_CREATED}

…

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the WMI classes in the root or default namespace of the local computer.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-WmiObject -query “select * from win32_service where name=’WinRM'” -ComputerName server01, server02

    ExitCode : 0
    Name     : WinRM
    ProcessId : 1708
    StartMode : Auto
    State     : Running
    Status    : OK

    ExitCode : 0
    Name     : WinRM
    ProcessId : 948
    StartMode : Auto
    State     : Running
    Status    : OK

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays information about the WinRM service on the computers that are specified in the ComputerName parameter.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>(Get-WmiObject win32_service -Filter “name=’WinRM'” -ComputerName server01).StopService()

    __GENUS         : 2
    __CLASS         : __PARAMETERS
    __SUPERCLASS     :
    __DYNASTY        : __PARAMETERS
    __RELPATH        :
    __PROPERTY_COUNT : 1
    __DERIVATION     : {}
    __SERVER         :
    __NAMESPACE     :
    __PATH         :
    ReturnValue     : 0

Another query using Get-WmiObject -query “select * from win32_service where name=’WinRM'” -ComputerName server01, shows the service as stopped.

    ExitCode : 0
    Name     : WinRM
    ProcessId : 0
    StartMode : Auto
    State     : Stopped
    Status    : OK

    Description
    ———–
    This command stops the WinRM service on the Server01 remote computer. The command uses the standard Get-WmiObject command and adds a call to the StopService method of the Win32_Service WMI class.

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-WmiObject win32_bios | Format-List *

    Status                : OK
    Name                 : Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1
    Caption             : Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1
    SMBIOSPresent         : True
    __GENUS             : 2
    __CLASS             : Win32_BIOS
    __SUPERCLASS         : CIM_BIOSElement
    __DYNASTY             : CIM_ManagedSystemElement
    __RELPATH             : Win32_BIOS.Name=”Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 “,SoftwareElementID=”Phoenix ROM BIOS
                             PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 “,SoftwareElementState=3,TargetOperatingSystem=0,Version=”DELL – 14”
    __PROPERTY_COUNT     : 27
    __DERIVATION         : {CIM_BIOSElement, CIM_SoftwareElement, CIM_LogicalElement, CIM_ManagedSystemElement}
    __SERVER             : SERVER01
    __NAMESPACE         : root\cimv2
    __PATH                : \\SERVER01\root\cimv2:Win32_BIOS.Name=”Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 “,Software
                            ElementID=”Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 “,SoftwareElementState=3,TargetOperatingSys
                            tem=0,Version=”DELL – 14”
    BiosCharacteristics : {7, 9, 10, 11…}
    BIOSVersion         : {DELL – 14, Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 , Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3
                            .1 , Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 }
    BuildNumber         :
    CodeSet             :
    CurrentLanguage     : en|US|iso8859-1
    Description         : Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1
    IdentificationCode    :
    InstallableLanguages : 1
    InstallDate         :
    LanguageEdition     :
    ListOfLanguages     : {en|US|iso8859-1}
    Manufacturer         : Dell Inc.
    OtherTargetOS         :
    PrimaryBIOS         : True
    ReleaseDate         : 20070521000000.000000+000
    SerialNumber         : 8PWRVD1
    SMBIOSBIOSVersion     : 2.3.1
    SMBIOSMajorVersion    : 2
    SMBIOSMinorVersion    : 3
    SoftwareElementID     : Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1
    SoftwareElementState : 3
    TargetOperatingSystem : 0
    Version             : DELL – 14
    Scope                 : System.Management.ManagementScope
    Path                 : \\SERVER01\root\cimv2:Win32_BIOS.Name=”Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 “,Software
                            ElementID=”Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS Version 1.10 2.3.1 “,SoftwareElementState=3,TargetOperatingSys
                            tem=0,Version=”DELL – 14”
    Options             : System.Management.ObjectGetOptions
    ClassPath             : \\SERVER01\root\cimv2:Win32_BIOS
    Properties            : {BiosCharacteristics, BIOSVersion, BuildNumber, Caption…}
    SystemProperties     : {__GENUS, __CLASS, __SUPERCLASS, __DYNASTY…}
    Qualifiers            : {dynamic, Locale, provider, UUID}
    Site                 :
    Container             :

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays BIOS information. It displays all the properties of the WMI class, not just the properties that are specified in the Types.ps1xml configuration file.

————————– EXAMPLE 7 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-WmiObject win32_service -Credential FABRIKAM\administrator -computer fabrikam

    ExitCode : 0
    Name     : AeLookupSvc
    ProcessId : 0
    StartMode : Manual
    State     : Stopped
    Status    : OK

    ExitCode : 1077
    Name     : ALG
    ProcessId : 0
    StartMode : Manual
    State     : Stopped
    Status    : OK

    ExitCode : 1077
    Name     : AppIDSvc
    ProcessId : 0
    StartMode : Manual
    State     : Stopped
    Status    : OK

    ExitCode : 0
    Name     : Appinfo
    ProcessId : 888
    StartMode : Manual
    State     : Running
    Status    : OK

    ExitCode : 1077
    Name     : AppMgmt
    ProcessId : 0
    StartMode : Manual
    State     : Stopped
    Status    : OK

…

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays service information on a computer named Fabrikam. It specifies a user account name by using the Credential parameter, which causes a dialog box to be displayed in which you enter the corresponding password.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113337
    Invoke-WmiMethod
    Remove-WmiObject
    Set-WmiInstance
    Get-WSManInstance
    Invoke-WSManAction
    New-WSManInstance
    Remove-WSManInstance

cmdlet, Format, Wide

Format-Wide

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Format-Wide

SYNOPSIS
Formats objects as a wide table that displays only one property of each object.

SYNTAX
Format-Wide [[-Property] <Object>] [-AutoSize] [-Column <int>] [-DisplayError] [-Expand <string>] [-Force] [-GroupBy <Object>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-ShowError] [-View <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Format-Wide cmdlet formats objects as a wide table that displays only one property of each object. You can use the Property parameter to determine which property is displayed.

PARAMETERS
-AutoSize [<SwitchParameter>]
Adjusts the column size and number of columns based on the width of the data. By default, the column size and number are determined by the view. You cannot use the AutoSize and Column parameters in the same command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Column <int>
Specifies the number of columns in the display. You cannot use the AutoSize and Column parameters in the same command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-DisplayError [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays errors at the command line.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Expand <string>
Formats the collection object, as well as the objects in the collection. This parameter is designed to format objects that support the ICollection (System.Collections) interface. The default value is EnumOnly.

        Valid values are:
        — EnumOnly: Displays the properties of the objects in the collection.
        — CoreOnly: Displays the properties of the collection object.
        — Both: Displays the properties of the collection object and the properties of objects in the collection.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Force [<SwitchParameter>]
Overrides restrictions that prevent the command from succeeding, just so the changes do not compromise security. For example, Force will override the read-only attribute or create directories to complete a file path, but it will not attempt to change file permissions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-GroupBy <Object>
Formats the output in groups based on a shared property or value. Enter an expression or a property of the output.

The value of the GroupBy parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:

        — Name (or Label) <string>
        — Expression <string> or <script block>
        — FormatString <string>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies the objects to be formatted. Enter a Variable that contains the objects, or type a command or expression that gets the objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <Object>
Specifies the object properties that appear in the display and the order in which they appear. Wildcards are permitted.

If you omit this parameter, the properties that appear in the display depend on the object being displayed. The parameter name (“Property”) is optional. You cannot use the Property and View parameters in the same command.

The value of the Property parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:

— Expression <string> or <script block>
— FormatString <string>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ShowError [<SwitchParameter>]
Sends errors through the pipeline.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-View <string>
Specifies the name of an alternate table format or “view.” You cannot use the Property and View parameters in the same command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe any object to Format-Wide.

OUTPUTS
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format
Format-Wide returns format objects that represent the table.

NOTES

You can also refer to Format-Wide by its built-in Alias, “fw”. For more information, see about_aliases.

The GroupBy parameter assumes that the objects are sorted. Before using Format-Custom to group the objects, use Sort-Object to sort them.

The -View parameter lets you specify an alternate format for the table. You can use the views defined in the *.format.PS1XML files in the Windows PowerShell directory or you can create your own views in new PS1XML files and use the Update-FormatData cmdlet to include them in Windows PowerShell.

The alternate view for the View parameter must use table format; if it does not, the command fails. If the alternate view is a list, use Format-List. If the alternate view is neither a list nor a table, use Format-Custom.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Format-Wide -Column 3

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the names of files in the current directory in three columns across the screen. The Get-ChildItem cmdlet gets objects representing each file in the directory. The pipeline operator (|) passes the file objects through the pipeline to Format-Wide, which formats them for output. The Column parameter specifies the number of columns.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-ChildItem HKCU:\software\microsoft | Format-Wide -Property pschildname -AutoSize

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the names of Registry keys in the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft key. The Get-ChildItem cmdlet gets objects representing the keys. The path is specified as “HKCU:”, one of the drives exposed by the Windows PowerShell Registry provider, followed by the key path. The pipeline operator (|) passes the Registry key objects through the pipeline to Format-Wide, which formats them for output. The Property parameter specifies the name of the property, and the AutoSize parameter adjusts the columns for readability.

RELATED LINKS
Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113304

cmdlet, Format, Table

Format-Table

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Format-Table

SYNOPSIS
Formats the output as a table.

SYNTAX
Format-Table [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-AutoSize] [-DisplayError] [-Expand <string>] [-Force] [-GroupBy <Object>] [-HideTableHeaders] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-ShowError] [-View <string>] [-Wrap] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Format-Table cmdlet formats the output of a command as a table with the selected properties of the object in each column. The object type determines the default layout and properties that are displayed in each column, but you can use the Property parameter to select the properties that you want to see.

You can also use a hash table to add calculated properties to an object before displaying it and to specify the column headings in the table. To add a calculated property, use the Property or GroupBy parameters.

PARAMETERS
-AutoSize [<SwitchParameter>]
Adjusts the column size and number of columns based on the width of the data. By default, the column size and number are determined by the view.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-DisplayError [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays errors at the command line.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Force [<SwitchParameter>]
Directs the cmdlet to display all of the error information. Use with the DisplayError or ShowError parameters. By default, when an error object is written to the error or display streams, only some of the error information is displayed.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-GroupBy <Object>
Arranges sorted output in separate tables based on a property value. For example, you can use GroupBy to list services in separate tables based on their status.

Enter an expression or a property of the output. The output must be sorted before you send it to Format-Table.

The value of the GroupBy parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:

        — Name (or Label) <string>
        — Expression <string> or <script block>
        — FormatString <string>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-HideTableHeaders [<SwitchParameter>]
Omits the column headings from the table.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies the objects to be formatted. Enter a Variable that contains the objects, or type a command or expression that gets the objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <Object[]>
Specifies the object properties that appear in the display and the order in which they appear. Type one or more property names (separated by commas), or use a hash table to display a calculated property. Wildcards are permitted.

The value of the Property parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:

        — Name (or Label) <string>
        — Expression <string> or <script block>
        — FormatString <string>
        — Width <int32>
        — Alignment (value can be “Left”, “Center”, or “Right”)

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ShowError [<SwitchParameter>]
Sends errors through the pipeline.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-View <string>
Specifies the name of an alternate table format or “view.” You cannot use the Property and View parameters in the same command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Wrap [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays text that exceeds the column width on the next line. By default, text that exceeds the column width is truncated.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe any object to Format-Table.

OUTPUTS
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format
Format-Table returns format objects that represent the table.

NOTES

You can also refer to Format-Table by its built-in Alias, “FT”. For more information, see about_aliases.

The GroupBy parameter assumes that the objects are sorted. Before using Format-Custom to group the objects, use Sort-Object to sort them.

The View parameter lets you specify an alternate format for the table. You can use the views defined in the *.format.PS1XML files in the Windows PowerShell directory or you can create your own views in new PS1XML files and use the Update-FormatData cmdlet to include them in Windows PowerShell.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-PSSnapin | Format-Table -auto

    Description
    ———–
    This command formats information about Windows PowerShell snap-ins in a table. By default, they are formatted in a list. The Get-PSSnapin cmdlets gets objects representing the snap-ins. The pipeline operator (|) passes the object to the Format-Table command. Format-Table formats the objects in a table. The Autosize parameter adjusts the column widths to minimize truncation.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property basepriority | Format-Table -GroupBy basepriority -Wrap

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the processes on the computer in groups with the same base priority.

The Get-Process cmdlet gets objects representing each process on the computer. The pipeline operator (|) passes the object to the Sort-Object cmdlet, which sorts the objects in order of their base priority.

Another pipeline operator passes the results to the Format-Table command. The GroupBy parameter arranges the data about the processes into groups based on the value of their BasePriority property. The Wrap parameter ensures that data is not truncated.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Sort-Object starttime | Format-Table -View starttime

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays information about the processes on the computer in group based on the start date of the process. It uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get objects representing the processes on the computer. The pipeline operator (|) sends the output of Get-Process to the Sort-Object cmdlet, which sorts it based on the StartTime property. Another pipeline operator sends the sorted results to Format-Table.

The View parameter is used to select the StartTime view that is defined in the DotNetTypes.format.ps1xml formatting file for System.Diagnostics.Process objects, such as those returned by Get-Process. This view converts the StartTime of the process to a short date and then groups the processes by start date.

The DotNetTypes.format.ps1xml formatting file also contains a Priority view for processes, and you can create your own format.ps1xml files with customized views.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Service | Format-Table -Property Name, DependentServices

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays all of the services on the computer in a table with two columns, Name and DependentServices. The command uses the Get-Service cmdlet to get all of the services on the computer. The pipeline operator (|) sends the results to the Format-Table cmdlet, which formats the output in a table. The Property parameter specifies the properties that appear in the table as columns. The name of the Property parameter is optional, so you can omit it (“Format-Table name, dependentservices”).

Property and DependentServices are just two of the properties of service objects. To view all of the properties, type “Get-Service | Get-Member“.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process notepad | Format-Table ProcessName, `
@{Label=”TotalRunningTime”; Expression={(Get-Date) – $_.StartTime}}

    Description
    ———–
    This command shows how to use a calculated property in a table. The command displays a table with the process name and total running time of all Notepad processes on the local computer. The total running time is calculated by subtracting the start time of each process from the current time.

The command uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get all processes named “Notepad” on the local computer. The pipeline operator (|) sends the results to Format-Table, which displays a table with two columns: ProcessName, a standard property of processes, and TotalRunningTime, a calculated property.

The TotalRunningTime property is specified by a hash table with two keys, Label and Expression. The name of the property is assigned to the Label key. The calculation is assigned to the Expression key. The expression gets the StartTime property of each process object and subtracts it from the result of a Get-Date command, which gets the current date (and time).

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>$processes = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName Server01 win32_process -filter “name=’notepad.exe'”

C:\PS> $processes | Format-Table ProcessName, @{ Label = “Total Running Time”; `
Expression={(Get-Date) – $_.ConvertToDateTime($_.CreationDate)}}

    Description
    ———–
    These commands are similar to the previous command, except that these commands use the Get-WmiObject cmdlet and the Win32_Process class to display information about Notepad processes on a remote computer.

The first command uses the Get-WmiObject cmdlet to get instances of the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Win32_Process class that describes all of the processes on the Server01 computer that are named Notepad.exe. The command stores the process information in the $processes Variable.

The second command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the process information in the $processes Variable to the Format-Table cmdlet, which displays the ProcessName of each process along with a new calculated property.

The command assigns the name of the new calculated property, Total Running Time, to the Label key. The script block that is assigned to the Expression key calculates how long the process has been running by subtracting the creation date of the process from the current date. The Get-Date cmdlet gets the current date. The ConvertToDateTime method converts the CreationDate property of the Win32_Process object from a WMI CIM_DATETIME object to a Microsoft .NET Framework DateTime object that can be compared with the output of Get-Date. Then, the converted creation date is subtracted from the current date. The result is the value of Total Running Time.

The backtick characters (`) are line continuation characters.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113303
    Format-List
    Format-Wide
    Format-Custom

cmdlet, Format, List

Format-List

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Format-List

SYNOPSIS
Formats the output as a list of properties in which each property appears on a new line.

SYNTAX
Format-List [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-DisplayError] [-Expand <string>] [-Force] [-GroupBy <Object>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-ShowError] [-View <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Format-List cmdlet formats the output of a command as a list of properties in which each property is displayed on a separate line. You can use Format-List to format and display all or selected properties of an object as a list (Format-List *).

Because more space is available for each item in a list than in a table, Windows PowerShell displays more properties of the object in the list, and the property values are less likely to be truncated.

PARAMETERS
-DisplayError [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays errors at the command line.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-GroupBy <Object>
Formats the output in groups based on a shared property or value. Enter an expression or a property of the output.

The value of the GroupBy parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:

        — Name (or Label) <string>
        — Expression <string> or <script block>
        — FormatString <string>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies the objects to be formatted. Enter a Variable that contains the objects or type a command or expression that gets the objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Property <Object[]>
Specifies the object properties that appear in the display and the order in which they appear. Wildcards are permitted.

The value of the Property parameter can be a new calculated property. To create a calculated, property, use a hash table. Valid keys are:

        — Name (or Label) <string>
        — Expression <string> or <script block>
        — FormatString <string>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ShowError [<SwitchParameter>]
Sends errors through the pipeline.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-View <string>
Specifies the name of an alternate list format or “view.” You cannot use the Property and View parameters in the same command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSObject
You can pipe any object to Format-List.

OUTPUTS
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format
Format-List returns the format objects that represent the list.

NOTES

You can also refer to Format-List by its built-in Alias, “FL”. For more information, see about_aliases.

The format cmdlets, such as Format-List, arrange the data to be displayed but do not display it. The data is displayed by the output features of Windows PowerShell and by the cmdlets that contain the Out verb (the Out cmdlets), such as Out-Host, Out-File, and Out-Printer.

If you do not use a format cmdlet, Windows PowerShell applies that default format for each object that it displays.

The GroupBy parameter assumes that the objects are sorted. Before using Format-Custom to group the objects, use Sort-Object to sort them.

The View parameter lets you specify an alternate format for the table. You can use the views defined in the *.format.PS1XML files in the Windows PowerShell directory, or you can create your own views in new PS1XML files and use the Update-FormatData cmdlet to include them in Windows PowerShell.

The alternate view for the View parameter must use the list format; if not, the command fails. If the alternate view is a table, use Format-Table. If the alternate view is neither a list nor a table, use Format-Custom.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Service | Format-List

    Description
    ———–
    This command formats information about services on the computer as a list. By default, the services are formatted as a table. The Get-Service cmdlet gets objects representing the services on the computer. The pipeline operator (|) passes the results through the pipeline to Format-List. Then, the Format-List command formats the service information in a list and sends it to the default output cmdlet for display.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>$a = Get-ChildItem $pshome\*.ps1xml

    Description
    ———–
    These commands display information about the PS1XML files in the Windows PowerShell directory as a list. The first command gets the objects representing the files and stores them in the $a Variable. The second command uses Format-List to format information about objects stored in $a. This command uses the InputObject parameter to pass the Variable to Format-List, which then sends the formatted output to the default output cmdlet for display.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process | Format-List -Property name, basepriority, priorityclass

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the name, base priority, and priority class of each process on the computer. It uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get an object representing each process. The pipeline operator (|) passes the process objects through the pipeline to Format-List. Format-List formats the processes as a list of the specified properties. The “Property” parameter name is optional, so you can omit it.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Process winlogon | Format-List -Property *

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays all of the properties of the Winlogon process. It uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get an object representing the Winlogon process. The pipeline operator (|) passes the Winlogon process object through the pipeline to Format-List. The command uses the Property parameter to specify the properties and the * to indicate all properties. Because the name of the Property parameter is optional, you can omit it and type the command as: “Format-List *”. Format-List automatically sends the results to the default output cmdlet for display.

RELATED LINKS
Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113302