Tag Archives: Credential

Test-Connection

February 26, 2014 Adam

SYNOPSIS
Sends ICMP echo request packets (“pings”) to one or more computers.

SYNTAX
Test-Connection [-ComputerName] <string[]> [[-Source] <string[]>] [-AsJob] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-BufferSize <int>] [-Count <int>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Delay <int>] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Quiet] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-TimeToLive <int>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Test-Connection cmdlet sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets (“pings”) to one or more remote computers and returns the echo response replies. You can use this cmdlet to determine whether a particular computer can be contacted across an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

You can use the parameters of Test-Connection to specify both the sending and receiving computers, to run the command as a background job, to set a timeout and number of pings, and to configure the connection and authentication.

Unlike the traditional “ping” command, Test-Connection returns a Win32_PingStatus object that you can investigate in Windows PowerShell, but you can use the Quiet parameter to force it to return only a Boolean value.

PARAMETERS
-AsJob [<SwitchParameter>]
Runs the command as a background job.

Note: To use this parameter, the local and remote computers must be configured for remoting and, on Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, you must open Windows PowerShell with the “Run as administrator” option. For more information, see about_remote_requirements.

When you use the AsJob parameter, the command immediately returns an object that represents the background job. You can continue to work in the session while the job completes. The job is created on the local computer and the results from remote computers are automatically returned to the local computer. To get the job results, use the Receive-Job cmdlet.

For more information about Windows PowerShell background jobs, see about_jobs and about_remote_Jobs.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                False
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authentication <AuthenticationLevel>
Specifies the authentication level that is used for the WMI connection. (Test-Connection uses WMI.)

Valid values are:

        Unchanged:     The authentication level is the same as the previous command.
        Default:         Windows Authentication.
        None:            No COM authentication.
        Connect:         Connect-level COM authentication.
        Call:            Call-level COM authentication.
        Packet:         Packet-level COM authentication.
        PacketIntegrity: Packet Integrity-level COM authentication.
        PacketPrivacy: Packet Privacy-level COM authentication.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                4
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-BufferSize <int>
Specifies the size, in bytes, of the buffer sent with this command. The default value is 32.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                32
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ComputerName <string[]>
Specifies the computers to ping. Type the computer names or type IP addresses in IPv4 or IPv6 format. Wildcard characters are not permitted. This parameter is required.

This parameter does not rely on Windows PowerShell remoting. You can use the ComputerName parameter even if your computer is not configured to run remote commands.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Count <int>
Specifies the number of echo requests to send. The default value is 4.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                4
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”, or enter a PSCredential object, such as one from the Get-Credential cmdlet.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Current user
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Delay <int>
Specifies the interval between pings, in seconds.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                1 (second)
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Impersonation <ImpersonationLevel>
Specifies the impersonation level to use when calling WMI. (Test-Connection uses WMI.) The default value is “Impersonate”.

Valid values are:

        Default:     Default impersonation.
        Anonymous:    Hides the identity of the caller.
        Identify:     Allows objects to query the credentials of the caller.
        Impersonate: Allows objects to use the credentials of the caller.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                3
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Quiet [<SwitchParameter>]
Suppresses all errors and returns $True if any pings succeeded and $False if all failed.

-Source <string[]>
Specifies the names of the computers where the ping originates. Enter a comma-separated list of computer names. The default is the local computer.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value                Local computer
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ThrottleLimit <int>
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections that can be established to run this command. If you omit this parameter or enter a value of 0, the default value, 32, is used.

The throttle limit applies only to the current command, not to the session or to the computer.

-TimeToLive <int>
Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that each echo request packet (“pings”) is active. The default value is 80 (seconds). The Alias of the TimeToLive parameter is TTL.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                80
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
None
You cannot pipe input to this cmdlet.

OUTPUTS
System.Management.ManagementObject#root\cimv2\Win32_PingStatus, System.Management.Automation.RemotingJob, System.Boolean
When you use the AsJob parameter, the cmdlet returns a job object. When you use the Quiet parameter, it returns a Boolean. Otherwise, this cmdlet returns a Win32_PingStatus object for each ping.

NOTES

This cmdlet uses the Win32_PingStatus class. A “get-wmiojbect win32_pingstatus” command is equivalent to a Test-Connection command.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Connection server01

    Source        Destination     IPV4Address     IPV6Address Bytes    Time(ms)
    ——        ———–     ———–     ———– —–    ——–
    ADMIN1        Server01        157.59.137.44                32     0
    ADMIN1        Server01        157.59.137.44                32     0
    ADMIN1        Server01        157.59.137.44                32     0
    ADMIN1        Server01        157.59.137.44                32     1

    Description
    ———–
    This command sends echo request packets (“pings”) from the local computer to the Server01 computer. This command uses the ComputerName parameter to specify the Server01 computer, but omits the optional parameter name.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Connection -ComputerName server01, server02, server12 -Credential domain01\user01

    Description
    ———–
    This command sends pings from the local computer to several remote computers. It uses the Credential parameter to specify a user account that has permission to ping all of the remote computers.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Connection -Source Server02, Server 12, localhost -ComputerName Server01

    Description
    ———–
    This command sends pings from different source computers to a single remote computer, Server01. Use this command format to test the latency of connections from multiple points.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Connection -ComputerName Server01 -Count 3 -Delay 2 -TTL 256 -BufferSize 256 -throttle 32

    Description
    ———–
    This command sends three pings from the local computer to the Server01 computer. It uses the parameters of Test-Connection to customize the command.

Use this command format when the ping response is expected to take longer than usual, either because of an extended number of hops or a high-traffic network condition.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>$job = Test-Connection -ComputerName (Get-Content servers.txt) -AsJob

C:\PS> if ($job.jobstateinfo.state -ne “Running”) {$results = Receive-Job $job}

    Description
    ———–
    This example shows how to run a Test-Connection command as a Windows PowerShell background job.

The first command uses the Test-Connection cmdlet to ping many computers in an enterprise. The value of ComputerName parameter is a Get-Content command that reads a list of computer names from the Servers.txt file. The command uses the AsJob parameter to run the command as a background job.

The second command checks to see that the job is not still running, and if it is not, it uses a Receive-Job command to get the results and store them in the $results Variable.

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Connection Server55 -Credential domain55\user01 -Impersonation Identify

    Description
    ———–
    This command uses the Test-Connection cmdlet to ping a remote computer. The command uses the Credential parameter to specify a user account with permission to ping the remote computer and the Impersonation parameter to change the impersonation level to “Identify”.

————————– EXAMPLE 7 ————————–

C:\PS>if (Test-Connection -ComputerName Server01 -quiet) {New-PSSession Server01}

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates a PSSession on the Server01 only if at least one of the pings sent to the computer succeeds.

The command uses the Test-Connection cmdlet to ping the Server01 computer. The command uses the Quiet parameter, which returns a Boolean value, instead of a Win32_PingStatus object. The value is $True if any of the four pings succeed and is, otherwise, false.

If the Test-Connection command returns a value of $True, the command uses the New-PSSession cmdlet to create the PSSession.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135266
    Add-Computer
    Restart-Computer
    Stop-Computer

cmdlet, Path, Test

Test-Path

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Test-Path

SYNOPSIS
Determines whether all elements of a path exist.

SYNTAX
Test-Path [-LiteralPath] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Include <string[]>] [-IsValid] [-PathType {Any | Container | Leaf}] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

Test-Path [-Path] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Include <string[]>] [-IsValid] [-PathType {Any | Container | Leaf}] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Test-Path cmdlet determines whether all elements of the path exist. It returns TRUE ($true) if all elements exist and FALSE ($false) if any are missing. It can also tell whether the path syntax is valid and whether the path leads to a container or a terminal (leaf) element.

PARAMETERS
-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as one generated by the Get-Credential cmdlet. If you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

This parameter is not supported by any providers installed with Windows PowerShell.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Exclude <string[]>
Omits the specified items. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Filter <string>
Specifies a filter in the provider’s format or language. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. The syntax of the filter, including the use of wildcards, depends on the provider. Filters are more efficient than other parameters, because the provider applies them when retrieving the objects rather than having Windows PowerShell filter the objects after they are retrieved.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Include <string[]>
Tests only the specified paths. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-IsValid [<SwitchParameter>]
Determines whether the syntax of the path is correct, regardless of whether the elements of the path exist. This parameter returns TRUE if the path syntax is valid and FALSE if it is not.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-LiteralPath <string[]>
Specifies a path to be tested. Unlike Path, the value of the LiteralPath parameter is used exactly as it is typed. No characters are interpreted as wildcards. If the path includes escape characters, enclose it in single quotation marks. Single quotation marks tell Windows PowerShell not to interpret any characters as escape sequences.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Path <string[]>
Specifies a path to be tested. Wildcards are permitted. If the path includes spaces, enclose it in quotation marks. The parameter name (“Path”) is optional.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-PathType <TestPathType>
Tells whether the final element in the path is of a particular type. This parameter returns TRUE if the element is of the specified type and FALSE if it is not.

Valid values are:
— Container: An element that contains other elements, such as a directory or Registry key.

— Leaf: An element that does not contain other elements, such as a file.

— Any: Either a container or a leaf.Tells whether the final element in the path is of a particular type. Returns TRUE if the element is of the specified type and FALSE if it is not.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-UseTransaction [<SwitchParameter>]
Includes the command in the active transaction. This parameter is valid only when a transaction is in progress. For more information, see about_transactions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.String
You can pipe a string that contains a path (but not a literal path) to Test-Path.

OUTPUTS
System.Boolean
The cmdlet returns “True” when the path exists and “False” when it does not.

NOTES

The cmdlets that contain the Path noun (the Path cmdlets) manipulate path names and return the names in a concise format that all Windows PowerShell providers can interpret. They are designed for use in programs and scripts where you want to display all or part of a path name in a particular format. Use them like you would use Dirname, Normpath, Realpath, Join, or other path manipulators.

You can use the Path cmdlets with several providers, including the FileSystem, Registry, and Certificate providers.

The Test-Path cmdlet is designed to work with the data exposed by any provider. To list the providers available in your session, type “Get-PSProvider“. For more information, see about_providers.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Path -Path “C:\Documents and Settings\NicoleH”

    Description
    ———–
    This command tells whether all elements in the path exist, that is, the C: directory, the Documents and Settings directory, and the NicoleH directory. If any are missing, the cmdlet returns FALSE. Otherwise, it returns TRUE.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Path -Path $profile

C:\PS>Test-Path -Path $profile -IsValid

    Description
    ———–
    These commands test the path to the Windows PowerShell profile.

The first command determines whether all elements in the path exist. The second command determines whether the syntax of the path is correct. In this case, the path is FALSE, but the syntax is correct (TRUE). These commands use $profile, the automatic Variable that points to the location for the profile, even if the profile does not exist.

For more information about automatic Variables, see about_Automatic_Variables.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Path -Path “C:\CAD\Commercial Buildings\*” -Exclude *.dwg

    Description
    ———–
    This command tells whether there are any files in the Commercial Buildings directory other than .dwg files.

The command uses the Path parameter to specify the path. Because it includes a space, the path is enclosed in quotes. The asterisk at the end of the path indicates the contents of the Commercial Building directory. (With long paths, like this one, type the first few letters of the path, and then use the TAB key to complete the path.)

The command uses the Exclude parameter to specify files that will be omitted from the evaluation.

In this case, because the directory contains only .dwg files, the result is FALSE.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Path -Path $profile -Pathtype leaf

    Description
    ———–
    This command tells whether the path stored in the $profile Variable leads to a file. In this case, because the Windows PowerShell profile is a .ps1 file, the cmdlet returns TRUE.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-Path -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\ShellIds\Microsoft.PowerShell

TRUE

C:\PS> Test-Path -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\ShellIds\Microsoft.PowerShell\ExecutionPolicy
FALSE

    Description
    ———–
    These commands use the Test-Path cmdlet with the Windows PowerShell Registry provider.

The first command tests whether the Registry path to the Microsoft.PowerShell Registry key is correct on the system. If Windows PowerShell is installed correctly, the cmdlet returns TRUE.

Test-Path does not work correctly with all Windows PowerShell providers. For example, you can use Test-Path to test the path to a Registry key, but if you use it to test the path to a Registry entry, it always returns FALSE, even if the Registry entry is present.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113418
    about_providers
    Convert-Path
    Split-Path
    Resolve-Path
    Join-Path

cmdlet, Test, WSMan

Test-WSMan

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Test-WSMan

SYNOPSIS
Tests whether the WinRM service is running on a local or remote computer.

SYNTAX
Test-WSMan [[-ComputerName] <string>] [-Authentication <Authentication>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Test-WSMan cmdlet submits an identification request that determines whether the WinRM service is running on a local or remote computer. If the tested computer is running the service, the cmdlet displays the WS-Management identity schema, the protocol version, the product vendor, and the product version of the tested service.

PARAMETERS
    -Authentication <Authentication>
        Specifies the authentication mechanism to be used at the server. Possible values are:
        – Basic: Basic is a scheme in which the user name and password are sent in clear text to the server or proxy.
        – Default : Use the authentication method implemented by the WS-Management protocol.
        – Digest: Digest is a challenge-response scheme that uses a server-specified data string for the challenge.
        – Kerberos: The client computer and the server mutually authenticate by using Kerberos Certificates.
        – Negotiate: Negotiate is a challenge-response scheme that negotiates with the server or proxy to determine the scheme to use for authentication. For example, this parameter value allows negotiation to determine whether the Kerberos protocol or NTLM is used.
        – CredSSP: Use Credential Security Service Provider (CredSSP) authentication, which allows the user to delegate credentials. This option is designed for commands that run on one remote computer but collect data from or run additional commands on other remote computers.

Caution: CredSSP delegates the user’s credentials from the local computer to a remote computer. This practice increases the security risk of the remote operation. If the remote computer is compromised, when credentials are passed to it, the credentials can be used to control the network session.

Important: If the authentication parameter is not specified, then the Test-WSMan request will be sent to the remote machine anonymously (without using authentication). If the Test-WSMan request is made anonymously, it does not return any information that is specific to the operating-system version. Instead, Test-WSMan displays null values for the operating system version and service pack level (OS: 0.0.0 SP: 0.0).

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ComputerName <string>
Specifies the computer against which you want to run the management operation. The value can be a fully qualified domain name, a NetBIOS name, or an IP address. Use the local computer name, use localhost, or use a dot (.) to specify the local computer. The local computer is the default. When the remote computer is in a different domain from the user, you must use a fully qualified domain name must be used.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value                localhost
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user. Type a user name, such as “User01”, “Domain01\User01”, or User@Domain.com. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as one returned by the Get-Credential cmdlet. When you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
None
This cmdlet does not accept any input.

OUTPUTS
None
This cmdlet does not generate any output object.

NOTES

By default, the Test-WSMan cmdlet queries the WinRM service without using authentication, and it does not return any information that is specific to the operating-system version. Instead, it displays null values for the operating system version and service pack level (OS: 0.0.0 SP: 0.0).

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-WSMan

    wsmid         : http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/identity/1/wsmanidentity.xsd
    ProtocolVersion : http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd
    ProductVendor : Microsoft Corporation
    ProductVersion : OS: 0.0.0 SP: 0.0 Stack: 2.0

    Description
    ———–
    This command determines whether the WinRM service is running on the local computer or on a remote computer.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-WSMan -ComputerName server01

    Description
    ———–
    This command determines whether the WinRM service is running on the server01 computer named.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-WSMan -Authentication default

    Description
    ———–
    This command tests to see if the WS-Management (WinRM) service is running on the local computer using the authentication parameter.

Using the authentication parameter allows the Test-WSMan cmdlet to return the Operating System version.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Test-WSMan -ComputerName server01 -Authentication default

    Description
    ———–
    This command tests to see if the WS-Management (WinRM) service is running on the computer named server01 using the authentication parameter.

Using the authentication parameter allows the Test-WSMan cmdlet to return the operating system version.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=141464
    Connect-WSMan
    Disable-WSManCredSSP
    Disconnect-WSMan
    Enable-WSManCredSSP
    Get-WSManCredSSP
    Get-WSManInstance
    Invoke-WSManAction
    New-WSManInstance
    New-WSManSessionOption
    Remove-WSManInstance
    Set-WSManInstance
    Set-WSManQuickConfig

cmdlet, Computer, Stop

Stop-Computer

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Stop-Computer

SYNOPSIS
Stops (shuts down) local and remote computers.

SYNTAX
Stop-Computer [[-ComputerName] <string[]>] [[-Credential] <PSCredential>] [-AsJob] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Force] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Stop-Computer cmdlet shuts down computers remotely. It can also shut down the local computer.

You can use the parameters of Stop-Computer to run the shutdown operations as a background job, to specify the authentication levels and alternate credentials, to limit the concurrent connections that are created to run the command, and to force an immediate shut down.

This cmdlet does not require Windows PowerShell remoting unless you use the AsJob parameter.

PARAMETERS
-AsJob [<SwitchParameter>]
Runs the command as a background job.

For more information about Windows PowerShell background jobs, see about_jobs and see about_remote_Jobs.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authentication <AuthenticationLevel>
Specifies the authentication level that is used for the WMI connection. (Stop-Computer uses WMI.) The default value is Packet.

Valid values are:

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                4
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ComputerName <string[]>
Stops the specified computers. The default is the local computer.

Type the NETBIOS name, IP address, or fully qualified domain name of one or more computers in a comma-separated list. To specify the local computer, type the computername or “localhost”.

This parameter does not rely on Windows PowerShell remoting. You can use the ComputerName parameter even if your computer is not configured to run remote commands.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value                .
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”, or enter a PSCredential object, such as one from the Get-Credential cmdlet.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value                Current user
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Force [<SwitchParameter>]
Forces an immediate shut down of the computers.

-Impersonation <ImpersonationLevel>
Specifies the impersonation level to use when calling WMI. (Stop-Computer uses WMI.) The default value is “Impersonate”.

Valid values are:

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Impersonate
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

The throttle limit applies only to the current command, not to the session or to the computer.

-Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
None
You cannot pipe input to this cmdlet.

OUTPUTS
None or System.Management.Automation.RemotingJob
When you use the AsJob parameter, the cmdlet returns a job object (System.Management.Automation.RemotingJob). Otherwise, it does not generate any output.

NOTES

This cmdlet uses the Win32Shutdown method of the Win32_OperatingSystem WMI class.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Stop-Computer

    Description
    ———–
    This command shuts down the local computer.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Stop-Computer -ComputerName Server01, Server02, localhost

    Description
    ———–
    This command stops two remote computers, Server01 and Server02, and the local computer, identified as “localhost”.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>$j = Stop-Computer -ComputerName Server01, Server02 -AsJob

C:\PS> $results = $j | Receive-Job

C:\PS> $results

    Description
    ———–
    These commands run a Stop-Computer command as a background job on two remote computers, and then get the results.

The first command uses the AsJob parameter to run the command as a background job. The command saves the resulting job object in the $j Variable.

The second command uses a pipeline operator to send the job object in $j to the Receive-Job cmdlet, which gets the job results. The command saves the results in the $results Variable.

The third command displays the result saved in the $results Variable.

Because the AsJob parameter creates the job on the local computer and automatically returns the results to the local computer, you can run the Receive-Job command as a local command.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Stop-Computer -comp Server01 -Impersonation anonymous -Authentication PacketIntegrity

    Description
    ———–
    This command restarts the Server01 remote computer. The command uses customized impersonation and authentication settings.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>$s = Get-Content domain01.txt

C:\PS> $c = Get-Credential domain01\admin01

C:\PS> Stop-Computer -ComputerName $s -Force -ThrottleLimit 10 -Credential $c

    Description
    ———–
    These commands force an immediate shut down of all of the computers in Domain01.

The first command gets a list of computers in the domain and saves it in the $s Variable.

The second command gets the credentials of a domain administrator and saves them in the $c Variable.

The third command shuts down the computers. It uses ComputerName parameter to submit the list of computers in the $s Variable, the Force parameter to force an immediate shutdown, and the Credential parameter to submit the credentials saved in the $c Variable. It also uses the ThrottleLimit parameter to limit the command to 10 concurrent connections.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135263
    Add-Computer
    Checkpoint-Computer
    Remove-Computer
    Restart-Computer
    Restore-Computer
    Test-Connection

cmdlet, Set, WmiInstance

Set-WmiInstance

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Set-WmiInstance

SYNOPSIS
Creates or updates an instance of an existing Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) class.

SYNTAX
Set-WmiInstance [-Class] <string> [[-Arguments] <hashtable>] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-AsJob] [-PutType {None | UpdateOnly | CreateOnly | UpdateOrCreate}] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

Set-WmiInstance [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-AsJob] [-PutType {None | UpdateOnly | CreateOnly | UpdateOrCreate}] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

Set-WmiInstance -InputObject <ManagementObject> [-Arguments <hashtable>] [-AsJob] [-PutType {None | UpdateOnly | CreateOnly | UpdateOrCreate}] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

Set-WmiInstance -Path <string> [-Arguments <hashtable>] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-AsJob] [-PutType {None | UpdateOnly | CreateOnly | UpdateOrCreate}] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Set-WmiInstance cmdlet creates or updates an instance of an existing WMI class. The created or updated instance is written to the WMI repository.

PARAMETERS
    -Arguments <hashtable>
        Specifies the name of the property to be changed and the new value for that property. The name and value must be in a name-value pair. The name-value pair is passed on the command-line as a hash table. For example:
             -argument @{Setting1=1; Setting2=5; Setting3=”test”}.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-AsJob [<SwitchParameter>]
Runs the command as a background job. Use this parameter to run commands that take a long time to finish.

When you use the AsJob parameter, the command returns an object that represents the background job and then displays the command prompt. You can continue to work in the session while the job finishes. If Set-WmiObject is used against a remote computer, the job is created on the local computer, and the results from remote computers are automatically returned to the local computer. To manage the job, use the cmdlets that contain the Job noun (the Job cmdlets). To get the job results, use the Receive-Job cmdlet.

Note: To use this parameter with remote computers, the local and remote computers must be configured for remoting. Additionally, you must start Windows PowerShell by using the “Run as administrator” option in Windows Vista and later versions of Windows,. For more information, see about_remote_requirements.

For more information about Windows PowerShell background jobs, see about_jobs and about_remote_Jobs.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authentication <AuthenticationLevel>
Specifies the authentication level to be used with the WMI connection. Valid values are:

        -1: Unchanged
        0: Default
        1: None (No authentication in performed.)
        2: Connect (Authentication is performed only when the client establishes a relationship with the application.)
        3: Call (Authentication is performed only at the beginning of each call when the application receives the request.)
        4: Packet (Authentication is performed on all the data that is received from the client.)
        5: PacketIntegrity (All the data that is transferred between the client and the application is authenticated and verified.)
        6: PacketPrivacy (The properties of the other authentication levels are used, and all the data is encrypted.)

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authority <string>
Specifies the authority to use to authenticate the WMI connection. You can specify standard NTLM or Kerberos authentication. To use NTLM, set the authority setting to ntlmdomain:<DomainName>, where <DomainName> identifies a valid NTLM domain name. To use Kerberos, specify kerberos:<DomainName>\<ServerName>”. You cannot include the authority setting when you connect to the local computer.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Class <string>
Specifies the name of a WMI class.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ComputerName <string[]>
Specifies the computer against which you want to run the management operation. The value can be a fully qualified domain name, a NetBIOS name, or an IP address. Use the local computer name, use localhost, or use a dot (.) to specify the local computer. The local computer is the default. When the remote computer is in a different domain from the user, you must use a fully qualified domain name. You can set the value of this parameter by piping the value to the parameter.

This parameter does not rely on Windows PowerShell remoting, which uses WS-Management ). You can use the ComputerName parameter of Get-WmiObject even if your computer is not configured to run WS-Management remote commands.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user. Type a user name, such as “User01”, “Domain01\User01”, or User@Contoso.com. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as an object that is returned by the Get-Credential cmdlet. When you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-EnableAllPrivileges [<SwitchParameter>]
Enables all the privileges of the current user before the command makes the WMI call .

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Impersonation <ImpersonationLevel>
Specifies the impersonation level to use. Valid values are:

        0: Default (Reads the local Registry for the default impersonation level, which is usually set to “3: Impersonate”.)
        1: Anonymous (Hides the credentials of the caller.)
        2: Identify (Allows objects to query the credentials of the caller.)
        3: Impersonate (Allows objects to use the credentials of the caller.)
        4: Delegate (Allows objects to permit other objects to use the credentials of the caller.)

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <ManagementObject>
Specifies a ManagementObject object to use as input. When this parameter is used, all other parameters ,except the Arguments parameter, are ignored.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Locale <string>
Specifies the preferred locale for WMI objects. The Locale parameter is specified in an array in the MS_<LCID> format in the preferred order.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Namespace <string>
When used with the Class parameter, this parameter specifies the WMI repository namespace where the referenced WMI class is located.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Path <string>
Specifies a WMI object path to the instance that you want to create or update.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-PutType <PutType>
Indicates whether the WMI instance should be created or updated. Valid values are:

        UpdateOnly: Updates an existing WMI instance.
        CreateOnly: Creates a new WMI instance.
        UpdateOrCreate: Updates the WMI instance if it exists or creates a new instance if an instance does not exist.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ThrottleLimit <int>
Allows the user to specify a throttling value for the number of WMI operations that can be executed simultaneously. This parameter is used together with the AsJob parameter. The throttle limit applies only to the current command, not to the session or to the computer.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
None
This cmdlet does not accept input.

OUTPUTS
None
This cmdlet does not generate output.

NOTES

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-WmiInstance -Class Win32_WMISetting -argument @{LoggingLevel=2}

    __GENUS                        : 2
    __CLASS                        : Win32_WMISetting
    __SUPERCLASS                 : CIM_Setting
    __DYNASTY                     : CIM_Setting
    __RELPATH                     : Win32_WMISetting=@
    __PROPERTY_COUNT             : 27
    __DERIVATION                 : {CIM_Setting}
    __SERVER                     : SYSTEM01
    __NAMESPACE                    : root\cimv2
    __PATH                         : \\SYSTEM01\root\cimv2:Win32_WMISetting=@
    ASPScriptDefaultNamespace     : \\root\cimv2
    ASPScriptEnabled             : False
    AutorecoverMofs                : {%windir%\system32\wbem\cimwin32.mof, %windir%\system32\wbem\ncprov.mof, %windir%\syst
                                     em32\wbem\wmipcima.mof, %windir%\system32\wbem\secrcw32.mof…}
    AutoStartWin9X                 :
    BackupInterval                 :
    BackupLastTime                 :
    BuildVersion                 : 6001.18000
    Caption                        :
    DatabaseDirectory             : C:\Windows\system32\wbem\repository
    DatabaseMaxSize                :
    Description                    :
    EnableAnonWin9xConnections     :
    EnableEvents                 : False
    EnableStartupHeapPreallocation : False
    HighThresholdOnClientObjects :
    HighThresholdOnEvents         : 20000000
    InstallationDirectory         : C:\Windows\system32\wbem
    LastStartupHeapPreallocation :
    LoggingDirectory             : C:\Windows\system32\wbem\Logs\
    LoggingLevel                 : 2
    LowThresholdOnClientObjects    :
    LowThresholdOnEvents         : 10000000
    MaxLogFileSize                 : 65536
    MaxWaitOnClientObjects         :
    MaxWaitOnEvents                : 2000
    MofSelfInstallDirectory        :
    SettingID                     :

    Description
    ———–
    This command sets the WMI logging level to 2. The command passes the property to be set and the value (together considered a value pair) in the argument parameter. The parameter takes a hash table that is defined by the @{property = value} construction. Theclass information that is returned reflects the new value.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-WmiInstance -Class win32_environment -argument @{Name=”testvar”;VariableValue=”testvalue”;UserName=”<SYSTEM>”}

    __GENUS         : 2
    __CLASS         : Win32_Environment
    __SUPERCLASS     : CIM_SystemResource
    __DYNASTY        : CIM_ManagedSystemElement
    __RELPATH        : Win32_Environment.Name=”testvar”,UserName=”<SYSTEM>”
    __PROPERTY_COUNT : 8
    __DERIVATION     : {CIM_SystemResource, CIM_LogicalElement, CIM_ManagedSystemElement}
    __SERVER         : SYSTEM01
    __NAMESPACE     : root\cimv2
    __PATH         : \\SYSTEM01\root\cimv2:Win32_Environment.Name=”testvar”,UserName=”<SYSTEM>”
    Caption         : <SYSTEM>\testvar
    Description     : <SYSTEM>\testvar
    InstallDate     :
    Name             : testvar
    Status         : OK
    SystemVariable : True
    UserName         : <SYSTEM>
    VariableValue    : testvalue

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates the testvar Environment Variable that has the value “testvalue”. It does this by creating a new instance of the Win32_Environment WMI class. Note that this operation requires appropriate credentials and that you may need to restart Windows PowerShell to see the new Environment Variable.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-WmiInstance -Class Win32_WMISetting -argument @{LoggingLevel=2} -ComputerName system01, system02, system03

…

    Description
    ———–
    This command sets the WMI logging level to 2. The command passes the property to be set and the value (together considered a value pair) in the argument parameter. The parameter takes a hash table that is defined by the @{property = value} construction. The returned class information reflects the new value.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113402
    Get-WmiObject
    Invoke-WmiMethod
    Remove-WmiObject
    Get-WSManInstance
    Invoke-WSManAction
    New-WSManInstance
    Remove-WSManInstance

cmdlet, Set, WSManInstance

Set-WSManInstance

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Set-WSManInstance

SYNOPSIS
Modifies the management information that is related to a resource.

SYNTAX
Set-WSManInstance [-ApplicationName <string>] [-ComputerName <string>] [-Fragment <string>] [-Port <int>] [-UseSSL] -ResourceURI <Uri> [[-SelectorSet] <hashtable>] [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Dialect <Uri>] [-FilePath <File>] [-SessionOption <hashtable>] [-ValueSet <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

Set-WSManInstance [-ConnectionURI <Uri>] [-Fragment <string>] -ResourceURI <Uri> [[-SelectorSet] <hashtable>] [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Dialect <Uri>] [-FilePath <File>] [-SessionOption <hashtable>] [-ValueSet <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Set-WSManInstance cmdlet modifies the management information that is related to a resource.

This cmdlet uses the WinRM connection/transport layer to modify the information.

PARAMETERS
-ApplicationName <string>
Specifies the application name in the connection. The default value of the ApplicationName parameter is “WSMAN”. The complete identifier for the remote endpoint is in the following format:

For example:

http://server01:8080/WSMAN

Internet Information Services (IIS), which hosts the session, forwards requests with this endpoint to the specified application. This default setting of “WSMAN” is appropriate for most uses. This parameter is designed to be used when numerous computers establish remote connections to one computer that is running Windows PowerShell. In this case, IIS hosts Web Services for Management (WS-Management ) for efficiency.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                WSMan
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>
Specifies the authentication mechanism to be used at the server. Possible values are:

        – Basic: Basic is a scheme in which the user name and password are sent in clear text to the server or proxy.
        – Default : Use the authentication method implemented by the WS-Management protocol. This is the default.
        – Digest: Digest is a challenge-response scheme that uses a server-specified data string for the challenge.
        – Kerberos: The client computer and the server mutually authenticate by using Kerberos Certificates.
        – Negotiate: Negotiate is a challenge-response scheme that negotiates with the server or proxy to determine the scheme to use for authentication. For example, this parameter value allows negotiation to determine whether the Kerberos protocol or NTLM is used.
        – CredSSP: Use Credential Security Service Provider (CredSSP) authentication, which allows the user to delegate credentials. This option is designed for commands that run on one remote computer but collect data from or run additional commands on other remote computers.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                localhost
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ConnectionURI <Uri>
Specifies the connection endpoint. The format of this string is:

The following string is a properly formatted value for this parameter:

http://Server01:8080/WSMAN

The URI must be fully qualified .

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user. Type a user name, such as “User01”, “Domain01\User01”, or “User@Domain.com”. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as one returned by the Get-Credential cmdlet. When you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Dialect <Uri>
Specifies the dialect to use in the filter predicate. This can be any dialect that is supported by the remote service. The following Aliases can be used for the dialect URI:

        – WQL: http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/WQL
        – Selector: http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman/SelectorFilter
        – Association: http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/cimbinding/associationFilter

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/WQL
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-FilePath <File>
Specifies the path of a file that is used to update a management resource. You specify the management resource by using the ResourceURI parameter and the SelectorSet parameter . For example, the following command uses the FilePath parameter:

Invoke-WSManAction -action stopservice -ResourceURI wmicimv2/Win32_Service -SelectorSet @{Name=”spooler”} -FilePath:c:\input.xml -Authentication default

This command calls the StopService method on the Spooler service by using input from a file. The file, Input.xml, contains the following content:

<p:StopService_INPUT xmlns:p=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_Service”/>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Fragment <string>
Specifies a section inside the instance that is to be updated or retrieved for the specified operation. For example, to get the status of a spooler service, specify “-Fragment Status”.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-OptionSet <hashtable>
Passes a set of switches to a service to modify or refine the nature of the request. These are similar to switches used in command-line shells because they are service specific. Any number of options can be specified.

The following example demonstrates the syntax that passes the values 1, 2, and 3 for the a, b, and c parameters:

-OptionSet @{a=1;b=2;c=3}

        Required?
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Port <int>
Specifies the port to use when the client connects to the WinRM service. When the transport is HTTP, the default port is 80. When the transport is HTTPS, the default port is 443. When you use HTTPS as the transport, the value of the ComputerName parameter must match the server’s Certificate common name (CN). However, if the SkipCNCheck parameter is specified as part of the SessionOption parameter, then the Certificate common name of the server does not have to match the host name of the server. The SkipCNCheck parameter should be used only for trusted machines.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ResourceURI <Uri>
Contains the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the resource class or instance. The URI is used to identify a specific type of resource, such as disks or processes, on a computer.

A URI consists of a prefix and a path to a resource. For example:

http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_LogicalDisk
http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_NumericSensor

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-SelectorSet <hashtable>
Specifies a set of value pairs that are used to select particular management resource instances. The SelectorSet parameter is used when more than one instance of the resource exists. The value of the SelectorSet parameter must be a hash table. The following example shows how to enter a value for this parameter:

-SelectorSet @{Name=”WinRM”;ID=”yyy”}

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-SessionOption <hashtable>
Defines a set of extended options for the WS-Management session. Enter a SessionOption object that you create by using the New-WSManSessionOption cmdlet. For more information about the options that are available, see New-WSManSessionOption.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-UseSSL [<SwitchParameter>]
Specifies that the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol should be used to establish a connection to the remote computer. By default, SSL is not used.

WS-Management encrypts all the Windows PowerShell content that is transmitted over the network. The UseSSL parameter lets you specify the additional protection of HTTPS instead of HTTP. If SSL is not available on the port that is used for the connection and you specify this parameter, the command fails.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-ValueSet <hashtable>
Specifies a hash table that helps modify a management resource. You specify the management resource by using the ResourceURI parameter and the SelectorSet parameter. The value of the ValueSet parameter must be a hash table.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
None
This cmdlet does not accept any input.

OUTPUTS
None
This cmdlet does not generate any output.

NOTES

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-WSManInstance -ResourceURI winrm/config/listener -SelectorSet @{address=”*”;transport=”https”} -ValueSet @{Enabled=”false”}

    cfg                 : http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/config/listener
    xsi                 : http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
    lang                 : en-US
    Address             : *
    Transport             : HTTPS
    Port                 : 443
    Hostname             :
    Enabled             : false
    URLPrefix             : WSMan
    CertificateThumbprint :
    ListeningOn         : {127.0.0.1, 172.30.168.171, ::1, 2001:4898:0:fff:0:5efe:172.30.168.171…}

    Description
    ———–
    This command disables the https listener on the local computer.

Important: The ValueSet parameter is case-sensitive when matching the properties specified.

For example, using the above command.

This fails: -ValueSet @{enabled=”False”}

This succeeds: -ValueSet @{Enabled=”False”}

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-WSManInstance -ResourceURI winrm/config -ValueSet @{MaxEnvelopeSizekb = “200”}

    cfg                 : http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/config
    lang                : en-US
    MaxEnvelopeSizekb : 200
    MaxTimeoutms        : 60000
    MaxBatchItems     : 32000
    MaxProviderRequests : 4294967295
    Client             : Client
    Service             : Service
    Winrs             : Winrs

    Description
    ———–
    This command sets the MaxEnvelopeSizekb value to 200 on the local computer.

Important: The ValueSet parameter is case-sensitive when matching the properties specified.

For example, using the above command.

This fails: -ValueSet @{MaxEnvelopeSizeKB =”200″}

This succeeds: -ValueSet @{MaxEnvelopeSizekb =”200″}

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-WSManInstance -ResourceURI winrm/config/listener -ComputerName SERVER02 -SelectorSet @{address=”*”;transport=”https”} -ValueSet @{Enabled=”false”}

    Description
    ———–
    This command disables the https listener on the remote computer SERVER02.

Important: The ValueSet parameter is case-sensitive when matching the properties specified.

For example, using the above command.

This fails: -ValueSet @{enabled=”False”}

This succeeds: -ValueSet @{Enabled=”False”}

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=141458
    Connect-WSMan
    Disable-WSManCredSSP
    Disconnect-WSMan
    Enable-WSManCredSSP
    Get-WSManCredSSP
    Get-WSManInstance
    Invoke-WSManAction
    New-WSManInstance
    New-WSManSessionOption
    Remove-WSManInstance
    Set-WSManQuickConfig
    Test-WSMan

cmdlet, Path, Split

Split-Path

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Split-Path

SYNOPSIS
Returns the specified part of a path.

SYNTAX
Split-Path [-IsAbsolute] [-Path] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-LiteralPath <string[]>] [-Resolve] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

Split-Path [-Leaf] [-Path] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-LiteralPath <string[]>] [-Resolve] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

Split-Path [-NoQualifier] [-Path] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-LiteralPath <string[]>] [-Resolve] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

Split-Path [-Parent] [-Path] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-LiteralPath <string[]>] [-Resolve] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

Split-Path [[-Qualifier]] [-Path] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-LiteralPath <string[]>] [-Resolve] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Split-Path cmdlet returns only the specified part of a path, such as the parent directory, a child directory, or a file name. It also can display the items that are referenced by the split path and tell whether the path is relative or absolute.

You can use this cmdlet to display or submit only a selected part of a path.

PARAMETERS
-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

This parameter is not supported by any providers installed with Windows PowerShell.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-IsAbsolute [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns TRUE if the path is absolute and FALSE if it is relative. An absolute path has a length greater than zero and does not use a dot ( . ) to indicate the current path.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Leaf [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns only the last item or container in the path. For example, in the path “C:\Test\Logs\Pass1.log”, it returns only “Pass1.log”.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-LiteralPath <string[]>
Specifies the paths to be split. Unlike Path, the value of LiteralPath is used exactly as it is typed. No characters are interpreted as wildcards. If the path includes escape characters, enclose it in single quotation marks. Single quotation marks tell Windows PowerShell not to interpret any characters as escape sequences.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-NoQualifier [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns the path without the qualifier. For the FileSystem or Registry providers, the qualifier is the drive of the provider path, such as C: or HKCU:. For example, in the path “C:\Test\Logs\Pass1.log”, it returns only “\Test\Logs\Pass1.log”.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Parent [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns only the parent containers of the item or of the container specified by the path. For example, in the path “C:\Test\Logs\Pass1.log”, it returns “C:\Test\Logs”. The Parent parameter is the default split location parameter.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Path <string[]>
Specifies the paths to be split. Wildcards are permitted. If the path includes spaces, enclose it in quotation marks. You can also pipe a path to Split-Path.

-Qualifier [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns only the qualifier of the specified path. For the FileSystem or Registry providers, the qualifier is the drive of the provider path, such as C: or HKCU:.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Resolve [<SwitchParameter>]
Displays the items that are referenced by the resulting split path instead of displaying the path elements.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-UseTransaction [<SwitchParameter>]
Includes the command in the active transaction. This parameter is valid only when a transaction is in progress. For more information, see about_transactions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.String
You can pipe a string that contains a path to Split-Path.

OUTPUTS
System.String
The Split-Path cmdlet returns text strings. When you use the Resolve parameter, Split-Path returns a string that describes the location of the items; it does not return objects that represent the items, such as a FileInfo or RegistryKey object.

NOTES

The split location parameters (Qualifier, Parent, Leaf, and NoQualifier) are exclusive. You can use only one in each command.

You can use the Path cmdlets with several providers, including the FileSystem, Registry, and Certificate providers.

The Split-Path cmdlet is designed to work with the data exposed by any provider. To list the providers available in your session, type “Get-PSProvider“. For more information, see about_providers.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Split-Path “HKCU:\Software\Microsoft” -qualifier

HKCU:

    Description
    ———–
    This command returns only the qualifier (the drive) of the path.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Split-Path “C:\Test\Logs\*.log” -leaf -Resolve

    Pass1.log
    Pass2.log
    …

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the files that are referenced by the split path. Because this path is split to the last item (the “leaf”), only the file names of the paths are displayed.

The Resolve parameter tells Split-Path to display the items that the split path references, instead of displaying the split path.

Like all Split-Path commands, this command returns strings. It does not return FileInfo Objects representing the files.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Split-Path “C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\V1.0\about_*.txt”

C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\V1.0

    Description
    ———–
    This command returns only the parent containers of the path. Because it does not include any parameters to specify the split, Split-Path uses the split location default, which is Parent.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Split-Path “.\My Pictures\*.jpg” -IsAbsolute

False

    Description
    ———–
    This command determines whether the path is relative or absolute. In this case, because the path is relative to the current directory, which is represented by a dot (.), it returns FALSE ($false).

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-Location (Split-Path $profile)

PS C:\Documents and Settings\juneb\My Documents\WindowsPowerShell>

    Description
    ———–
    This command changes your location to the directory that contains the Windows PowerShell profile.
    The command in parentheses uses the Split-Path cmdlet to return only the parent of the path stored in the built-in $Profile Variable. (The Parent parameter is the default split location parameter, so you can omit it from the command.) The parentheses direct Windows PowerShell to execute the command first. This is a handy way to navigate to a directory with a long path name.

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>’C:\Documents and Settings\User01\My Documents\My Pictures’ | Split-Path

C:\Documents and Settings\User01\My Documents

    Description
    ———–
    This command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send a path to the Split-Path cmdlet. The path is enclosed in quotation marks to indicate that it is a single token.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113404
    about_providers
    Test-Path
    Convert-Path
    Resolve-Path
    Join-Path

cmdlet, Job, Start

Start-Job

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Start-Job

SYNOPSIS
Starts a Windows PowerShell background job.

SYNTAX
Start-Job [-ScriptBlock] <scriptblock> [[-InitializationScript] <scriptblock>] [-ArgumentList <Object[]>] [-Authentication {Default | Basic | Negotiate | NegotiateWithImplicitCredential | Credssp | Digest | Kerberos}] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-Name <string>] [-RunAs32] [<CommonParameters>]

Start-Job [[-FilePath] <string>] [[-InitializationScript] <scriptblock>] [-ArgumentList <Object[]>] [-Authentication {Default | Basic | Negotiate | NegotiateWithImplicitCredential | Credssp | Digest | Kerberos}] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-Name <string>] [-RunAs32] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Start-Job cmdlet starts a Windows PowerShell background job on the local computer.

A Windows PowerShell background job runs a command “in the background” without interacting with the current session. When you start a background job, a job object is returned immediately, even if the job takes an extended time to complete. You can continue to work in the session without interruption while the job runs.

The job object contains useful information about the job, but it does not contain the job results. When the job completes, use the Receive-Job cmdlet to get the results of the job. For more information about background jobs, see about_jobs.

To run a background job on a remote computer, use the AsJob parameter that is available on many cmdlets, or use the Invoke-Command cmdlet to run a Start-Job command on the remote computer. For more information, see about_remote_Jobs.

PARAMETERS
-ArgumentList <Object[]>
Specifies the arguments (parameter values) for the script that is specified by the FilePath parameter.

Because all of the values that follow the ArgumentList parameter name are interpreted as being values of ArgumentList, the ArgumentList parameter should be the last parameter in the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>
Specifies the mechanism that is used to authenticate the user’s credentials. Valid values are Default, Basic, Credssp, Digest, Kerberos, Negotiate, and NegotiateWithImplicitCredential. The default value is Default.

CredSSP authentication is available only in Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, and later versions of Windows.

For information about the values of this parameter, see the description of the System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.AuthenticationMechanism enumeration in MSDN.

CAUTION: Credential Security Service Provider (CredSSP) authentication, in which the user’s credentials are passed to a remote computer to be authenticated, is designed for commands that require authentication on more than one resource, such as accessing a remote network share. This mechanism increases the security risk of the remote operation. If the remote computer is compromised, the credentials that are passed to it can be used to control the network session.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”, or enter a PSCredential object, such as one from the Get-Credential cmdlet.

-FilePath <string>
Runs the specified local script as a background job. Enter the path and file name of the script or pipe a script path to Start-Job. The script must reside on the local computer or in a directory that the local computer can access.

When you use this parameter, Windows PowerShell converts the contents of the specified script file to a script block and runs the script block as a background job.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InitializationScript <scriptblock>
Specifies commands that run before the job starts. Enclose the commands in braces ( { } ) to create a script block.

Use this parameter to prepare the session in which the job runs. For example, you can use it to add Functions, snap-ins, and modules to the session.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-InputObject <psobject>
Specifies input to the command. Enter a Variable that contains the objects, or type a command or expression that generates the objects.

In the value of the ScriptBlock parameter, use the $input automatic Variable to represent the input objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Name <string>
Specifies a friendly name for the new job. You can use the name to identify the job to other job cmdlets, such as Stop-Job.

The default friendly name is Job#, where “#” is an ordinal number that is incremented for each job.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Job<number>
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-RunAs32 [<SwitchParameter>]
Runs the job in a 32-bit process.

Use this parameter to force the job to run in a 32-bit process on a 64-bit operating system.

-ScriptBlock <scriptblock>
Specifies the commands to run in the background job. Enclose the commands in braces ( { } ) to create a script block. This parameter is required.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.String
You can pipe a file path to Start-Job.

OUTPUTS
System.Management.Automation.RemotingJob
Start-Job returns an object that represents the job that it started.

NOTES

To run in the background, Start-Job runs in its own session within the current session. When you use the Invoke-Command cmdlet to run a Start-Job command in a session on a remote computer, Start-Job runs in a session within the remote session.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Job -ScriptBlock {Get-Process}

C:\PS> Start-Job -command “Get-Process”

    Id    Name State    HasMoreData Location Command
    — —- —–    ———– ——– ——-
    1     Job1 Running True         localhost Get-Process

    Description
    ———–
    This command starts a background job that runs a Get-Process command. The command returns a job object with information about the job. The command prompt returns immediately so that you can work in the session while the job runs in the background.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>$jobWRM = Invoke-Command -computerName (Get-Content servers.txt) -ScriptBlock {Get-Service winrm} -jobname WinRM -throttlelimit 16 -AsJob

    Description
    ———–
    This command uses the Invoke-Command cmdlet and its AsJob parameter to start a background job that runs a “Get-Service winrm” command on numerous computers. Because the command is running on a server with substantial network traffic, the command uses the ThrottleLimit parameter of Invoke-Command to limit the number of concurrent commands to 16.

The command uses the ComputerName parameter to specify the computers on which the job runs. The value of the ComputerName parameter is a Get-Content command that gets the text in the Servers.txt file, a file of computer names in a domain.

The command uses the ScriptBlock parameter to specify the command and the JobName parameter to specify a friendly name for the job.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>$j = Start-Job -ScriptBlock {Get-Eventlog -log system} -Credential domain01\user01

C:\PS> $j | Format-List -property *

    HasMoreData : True
    StatusMessage :
    Location     : localhost
    Command     : Get-Eventlog -log system
    JobStateInfo : Running
    Finished     : System.Threading.ManualResetEvent
    InstanceId    : 2d9d775f-63e0-4d48-b4bc-c05d0e177f34
    Id            : 1
    Name         : Job1
    ChildJobs     : {Job2}
    Output        : {}
    Error         : {}
    Progress     : {}
    Verbose     : {}
    Debug         : {}
    Warning     : {}
    StateChanged :

C:\PS> $j.JobStateInfo.state
Completed

C:\PS> $results = Receive-Job -job $j

    C:\PS> $results
    Index Time         Type        Source                EventID Message
    —– —-         —-        ——                ——- ——-
    84366 Feb 18 19:20 Information Service Control M…     7036 The description…
    84365 Feb 18 19:16 Information Service Control M…     7036 The description…
    84364 Feb 18 19:10 Information Service Control M…     7036 The description…
    …

    Description
    ———–
    These commands manage a background job that gets all of the events from the System log in Event Viewer. The job runs on the local computer.

The first command uses the Start-Job cmdlet to start the job. It uses the Credential parameter to specify the user account of a user who has permission to run the job on the computer. Then it saves the job object that Start-Job returns in the $j Variable.

At this point, you can resume your other work while the job completes.

The second command uses a pipeline operator (|) to pass the job object in $j to the Format-List cmdlet. The Format-List command uses the Property parameter with a value of all (*) to display all of the properties of the job object in a list.

The third command displays the value of the JobStateInfo property. This contains the status of the job.

The fourth command uses the Receive-Job cmdlet to get the results of the job. It stores the results in the $results Variable.

The final command displays the contents of the $results Variable.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Job -filepath c:\scripts\sample.ps1

    Description
    ———–
    This command runs the Sample.ps1 script as a background job.

————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Job -Name WinRm -ScriptBlock {Get-Process winrm}

    Description
    ———–
    This command runs a background job that gets the WinRM process on the local computer. The command uses the ScriptBlock parameter to specify the command that runs in the background job. It uses the Name parameter to specify a friendly name for the new job.

————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Job -Name GetMappingFiles -InitializationScript {Import-Module MapFunctions} -ScriptBlock {Get-Map -Name * | Set-Content D:\Maps.tif} -RunAs32

    Description
    ———–
    This command starts a job that collects a large amount of data and saves it in a .tif file. The command uses the InitializationScript parameter to run a script block that imports a required module. It also uses the RunAs32 parameter to run the job in a 32-bit process even if the computer has a 64-bit operating system.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113405
    about_jobs
    about_job_details
    about_remote_Jobs
    Get-Job
    Receive-Job
    Wait-Job
    Stop-Job
    Remove-Job
    Invoke-Command

cmdlet, Process, Start

Start-Process

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Start-Process

SYNOPSIS
Starts one or more processes on the local computer.

SYNTAX
Start-Process [-FilePath] <string> [[-ArgumentList] <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-LoadUserProfile] [-NoNewWindow] [-PassThru] [-RedirectStandardError <string>] [-RedirectStandardInput <string>] [-RedirectStandardOutput <string>] [-UseNewEnvironment] [-Wait] [-WorkingDirectory <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

Start-Process [-FilePath] <string> [[-ArgumentList] <string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Verb <string>] [-Wait] [-WindowStyle {Normal | Hidden | Minimized | Maximized}] [-WorkingDirectory <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
Starts one or more processes on the local computer. To specify the program that runs in the process, enter an executable file or script file, or a file that can be opened by using a program on the computer. If you specify a non-executable file, Start-Process starts the program that is associated with the file, much like the Invoke-Item cmdlet.

You can use the parameters of Start-Process to specify options, such as loading a user profile, starting the process in a new window, or using alternate credentials.

PARAMETERS
-ArgumentList <string[]>
Specifies parameters or parameter values to use when starting the process. The parameter name (“Arguments”) is optional.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. Type a user-name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”, or enter a PSCredential object, such as one from the Get-Credential cmdlet. By default, the cmdlet uses the credentials of the current user.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Current user.
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-FilePath <string>
Specifies the path (optional) and file name of the program that runs in the process. Enter the name of an executable file or of a document, such as a .txt or .doc file, that is associated with a program on the computer. This parameter is required.

If you specify only a file name, use the WorkingDirectory parameter to specify the path.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-LoadUserProfile [<SwitchParameter>]
Loads the Windows user profile stored in the HKEY_USERS Registry key for the current user. The default value is FALSE.

This parameter does not affect the Windows PowerShell profiles. (See about_profiles.)

-NoNewWindow [<SwitchParameter>]
Prevents the process from running in a new window. By default, the process runs in a new window.

-PassThru [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns a process object for each process that the cmdlet started. By default, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

-RedirectStandardError <string>
Sends any errors generated by the process to a file that you specify. Enter the path and file name. By default, the errors are displayed in the console.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Errors are displayed in the console
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-RedirectStandardInput <string>
Reads input from the specified file. Enter the path and file name of the input file. By default, the process gets its input from the keyboard.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Keyboard
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-RedirectStandardOutput <string>
Sends the output generated by the process to a file that you specify. Enter the path and file name. By default, the output is displayed in the console.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                FALSE
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-UseNewEnvironment [<SwitchParameter>]
Use new Environment Variables specified for the process. By default, the started process runs with the Environment Variables specified for the computer and user.

-Verb <string>
Specifies a verb to be used when starting the process, such as Edit, Open, or Print.

Each file type has a set of verbs that you can use. To find the verbs that can be used with the process, use the Verbs property of the object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Wait [<SwitchParameter>]
Waits for the specified process to complete before accepting more input. This parameter suppresses the command prompt or retains the window until the process completes.

-WindowStyle <ProcessWindowStyle>
Specifies the state of the windows used for the process. Valid values are Normal, Hidden, Minimized, and Maximized. The default value is Normal.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Normal
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-WorkingDirectory <string>
Specifies the location of the executable file or document that runs in the process. The default is the current directory.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Current directory
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
None
You cannot pipe input to Start-Process.

OUTPUTS
None or System.Diagnostics.Process
When you use the PassThru parameter, Start-Process generates a System.Diagnostics.Process. Otherwise, this cmdlet does not return any output.

NOTES

This cmdlet is implemented by using the Start method of the System.Diagnostics,Process class. For more information about this method, see “Process.Start Method” in the MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network) library at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=143602.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Process sort.exe

    Description
    ———–
    This command starts a process that uses the Sort.exe file in the current directory. The command uses all of the default values, including the default window style, working directory, and credentials.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Process myfile.txt -WorkingDirectory “C:\PS-Test” -verb Print

    Description
    ———–
    This command starts a process that prints the C:\PS-Test\MyFile.txt file.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Process Sort.exe -RedirectStandardInput Testsort.txt -RedirectStandardOutput Sorted.txt -RedirectStandardError SortError.txt -UseNewEnvironment

    Description
    ———–
    This command starts a process that sorts items in the Testsort.txt file and returns the sorted items in the Sorted.txt files. Any errors are written to the SortError.txt file.

The UseNewEnvironment parameter specifies that the process runs with its own Environment Variables.

————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

C:\PS>Start-Process notepad -Wait -windowstyle Maximized

    Description
    ———–
    This command starts the Notepad process. It maximizes the window and retains the window until the process completes.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135261
    Start-Service
    Get-Process
    Stop-Process
    Wait-Process
    Debug-Process

cmdlet, Content, Set

Set-Content

February 26, 2014 Adam

NAME
Set-Content

SYNOPSIS
Writes or replaces the content in an item with new content.

SYNTAX
Set-Content [-LiteralPath] <string[]> [-Value] <Object[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Force] [-Include <string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

Set-Content [-Path] <string[]> [-Value] <Object[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Force] [-Include <string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
The Set-Content cmdlet is a string-processing cmdlet that writes or replaces the content in the specified item, such as a file. Whereas the Add-Content cmdlet appends content to a file, Set-Content replaces the existing content. You can type the content in the command or send content through the pipeline to Set-Content.

PARAMETERS
-Credential <PSCredential>
Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”, or enter a PSCredential object, such as one generated by the Get-Credential cmdlet. If you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

This parameter is not supported by any providers installed with Windows PowerShell

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Exclude <string[]>
Omits the specified items. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Filter <string>
Specifies a filter in the provider’s format or language. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. The syntax of the filter, including the use of wildcards, depends on the provider. Filters are more efficient than other parameters, because the provider applies them when retrieving the objects, rather than having Windows PowerShell filter the objects after they are retrieved.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Force [<SwitchParameter>]
Allows the cmdlet to set the contents of a file, even if the file is read-only. Implementation varies from provider to provider. For more information, see about_providers. Even using the Force parameter, the cmdlet cannot override security restrictions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Include <string[]>
Changes only the specified items. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-LiteralPath <string[]>
Specifies the path to the item that will receive the content. Unlike Path, the value of LiteralPath is used exactly as it is typed. No characters are interpreted as wildcards. If the path includes escape characters, enclose it in single quotation marks. Single quotation marks tell Windows PowerShell not to interpret any characters as escape sequences.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-PassThru [<SwitchParameter>]
Returns an object representing the content. By default, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Path <string[]>
Specifies the path to the item that will receive the content. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Value <Object[]>
Specifies the new content for the item.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

-UseTransaction [<SwitchParameter>]
Includes the command in the active transaction. This parameter is valid only when a transaction is in progress. For more information, see about_transactions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

INPUTS
System.Object
You can pipe an object that contains the new value for the item to Set-Content.

OUTPUTS
None or System.String
When you use the Passthru parameter, Set-Content generates a System.String object representing the content. Otherwise, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

NOTES

You can also refer to Set-Content by its built-in Alias, “sc”. For more information, see about_aliases.

Set-Content is designed for string processing. If you pipe non-string objects to Set-Content, it converts the object to a string before writing it. To write objects to files, use Out-File.

The Set-Content cmdlet is designed to work with the data exposed by any provider. To list the providers available in your session, type “Get-PSProvider“. For more information, see about_providers.

————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

C:\PS>Set-Content -Path C:\Test1\test*.txt -Value “Hello, World”

    Description
    ———–
    This command replaces the contents of all files in the Test1 directory that have names beginning with “test” with “Hello, World”. This example shows how to specify content by typing it in the command.

————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

C:\PS>Get-Date | Set-Content C:\Test1\date.csv

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates a comma-separated Variable-length (csv) file that contains only the current date and time. It uses the Get-Date cmdlet to get the current system date and time. The pipeline operator passes the result to Set-Content, which creates the file and writes the content.

If the Test1 directory does not exist, the command fails, but if the file does not exist, the command will create it.

————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

C:\PS>(Get-Content Notice.txt) | ForEach-Object {$_ -replace “Warning”, “Caution”} | Set-Content Notice.txt

    Description
    ———–
    This command replaces all instances of “Warning” with “Caution” in the Notice.txt file.

It uses the Get-Content cmdlet to get the content of Notice.txt. The pipeline operator sends the results to the ForEach-Object cmdlet, which applies the expression to each line of content in Get-Content. The expression uses the “$_” symbol to refer to the current item and the Replace parameter to specify the text to be replaced.

Another pipeline operator sends the changed content to Set-Content which replaces the text in Notice.txt with the new content.

The parentheses around the Get-Content command ensure that the Get operation is complete before the Set operation begins. Without them, the command will fail because the two Functions will be trying to access the same file.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113392
    about_providers
    Add-Content
    Get-Content
    Clear-Content