Tag Archives: Debug

cmdlet, New, Object

New-Object

NAME
    New-Object

SYNOPSIS
    Creates an instance of a Microsoft .NET Framework or COM object.

SYNTAX
    New-Object -ComObject <string> [-Strict] [-Property <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

    New-Object [-TypeName] <string> [[-ArgumentList] <Object[]>] [-Property <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The New-Object cmdlet creates an instance of a .NET Framework or COM object.

    You can specify either the type of a .NET Framework class or a ProgID of a COM object. By default, you type the fully qualified name of a .NET Framework class and the cmdlet returns a reference to an instance of that class. To create an instance of a COM object, use the ComObject parameter and specify the ProgID of the object as its value.

PARAMETERS
    -ArgumentList <Object[]>
        Specifies a list of arguments to pass to the constructor of the .NET Framework class. Separate elements in the list by using commas (,). The Alias for ArgumentList is Args.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ComObject <string>
        Specifies the programmatic identifier (ProgID) of the COM object.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Property <hashtable>
        Sets property values and invokes methods of the new object.

        Enter a hash table in which the keys are the names of properties or methods and the values are property values or method arguments. New-Object creates the object and sets each property value and invokes each method in the order that they appear in the hash table.

        If the new object is derived from the PSObject class, and you specify a property that does not exist on the object, New-Object adds the specified property to the object as a NoteProperty. If the object is not a PSObject, the command generates a non-terminating error.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Strict [<SwitchParameter>]
        Specifies that an error should be raised if the COM object that you attempt to create uses an interop assembly. This enables you to distinguish actual COM objects from .NET Framework objects with COM-callable wrappers.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -TypeName <string>
        Specifies the fully qualified name of the .NET Framework class. You cannot specify both the TypeName parameter and the ComObject parameter.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    None
        You cannot pipe input to this cmdlet.

OUTPUTS
    Object
        New-Object returns the object that is created.

NOTES

        New-Object provides the most commonly-used Functionality of the VBScript CreateObject Function. A statement like Set objShell = CreateObject(“Shell.Application”) in VBScript can be translated to $objShell = New-Object -comobject “Shell.Application” in Windows PowerShell.

        New-Object expands upon the Functionality available in the Windows Script Host Environment by making it easy to work with .NET Framework objects from the command line and within scripts.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>New-Object -TypeName System.Version -ArgumentList “1.2.3.4”

    Major Minor Build Revision
    —– —– —– ——–
    1     2     3     4

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates a System.Version object using the string “1.2.3.4” as the constructor.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>$ie = New-Object -comobject InternetExplorer.Application -Property @{navigate2=”www.microsoft.com”; visible = $true}

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates an instance of the COM object that represents the Internet Explorer application. It uses the Property parameter to call the Navigate2 method and to set the Visible property of the object to $true to make the application visible.

    This command is the equivalent of the following:

    $ie = New-Object -comobject InternetExplorer.Application
    $ie.navigate2(“www.microsoft.com”)
    $ie.visible = $true

    ————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

    C:\PS>$a=New-Object -comobject Word.Application -strict -Property @{visible=$true}

    New-Object : The object written to the pipeline is an instance of the type
    “Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.ApplicationClass” from the component’s prima
    ry interop assembly. If this type exposes different members than the IDispa
    tch members, scripts written to work with this object might not work if the
     primary interop assembly is not installed.
    At line:1 char:14
    + $a=New-Object <<<< -COM Word.Application -Strict; $a.visible=$true

    Description
    ———–
    This command demonstrates that specifying the Strict parameter causes the New-Object cmdlet to generate a non-terminating error when the COM object that is created uses an interop assembly.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

    C:\PS>$objshell = New-Object -comobject “Shell.Application”

    C:\PS> $objshell | Get-Member

    C:\PS> $objshell.ToggleDesktop()

    Description
    ———–
    The command uses the ComObject parameter to create a COM object with the “Shell.Application” ProgID. It stores the resulting object in the $objShell Variable.

    The second command pipes the $objShell Variable to the Get-Member cmdlet, which displays the properties and methods of the COM object.

    The third command calls the ToggleDesktop method of the object to minimize the open windows on your desktop.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113355
    Compare-Object
    Select-Object
    Sort-Object
    ForEach-Object
    Group-Object
    Measure-Object
    Tee-Object
    Where-Object

cmdlet, Invoke, WmiMethod

Invoke-WmiMethod

NAME
    Invoke-WmiMethod

SYNOPSIS
    Calls Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) methods.

SYNTAX
    Invoke-WmiMethod [-Class] <string> [[-ArgumentList] <Object[]>] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-Name] <string> [-AsJob] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

    Invoke-WmiMethod [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-Name] <string> [-AsJob] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

    Invoke-WmiMethod -InputObject <ManagementObject> [-ArgumentList <Object[]>] [-Name] <string> [-AsJob] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

    Invoke-WmiMethod -Path <string> [-ArgumentList <Object[]>] [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-Name] <string> [-AsJob] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

    Invoke-WmiMethod [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-Name] <string> [-AsJob] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

    Invoke-WmiMethod [-Authentication {Default | None | Connect | Call | Packet | PacketIntegrity | PacketPrivacy | Unchanged}] [-Authority <string>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Impersonation {Default | Anonymous | Identify | Impersonate | Delegate}] [-Locale <string>] [-Namespace <string>] [-Name] <string> [-AsJob] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Invoke-WmiMethod cmdlet calls WMI methods.

PARAMETERS
    -ArgumentList <Object[]>
        Specifies the parameters to pass to the called method. The value of this parameter must be an array of objects and they must appear in the order required by the called method.

        Important: A second value of $null is required, otherwise the command will generate an error, such as “Unable to cast object of type ‘System.Byte’ to type ‘System.Array’.”.

        An example using an array of objects ($binSD) followed by a null value ($null) follows:

        PS C:\> $acl = Get-Acl test.txt
        PS C:\> $binSD = $acl.GetSecurityDescriptorBinaryForm()
        PS C:\> Invoke-WmiMethod -Class Win32_SecurityDescriptorHelper -Name BinarySDToSDDL -ArgumentList $binSD, $null

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -AsJob [<SwitchParameter>]
        Runs the command as a background job. Use this parameter to run commands that take a long time to finish.

        When you use the AsJob parameter, the command returns an object that represents the background job and then displays the command prompt. You can continue to work in the session while the job finishes. If Invoke-WmiMethod is used against a remote computer, the job is created on the local computer, and the results from remote computers are automatically returned to the local computer. To manage the job, use the cmdlets that contain the Job noun (the Job cmdlets). To get the job results, use the Receive-Job cmdlet.

        Note: To use this parameter with remote computers, the local and remote computers must be configured for remoting. Additionally, you must start Windows PowerShell by using the “Run as administrator” option in Windows Vista and later versions of Windows. For more information, see about_remote_requirements.

        For more information about Windows PowerShell background jobs, see about_jobs and about_remote_Jobs.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Authentication <AuthenticationLevel>
        Specifies the authentication level to be used with the WMI connection. Valid values are:

        -1: Unchanged
        0: Default
        1: None (No authentication in performed.)
        2: Connect (Authentication is performed only when the client establishes a relationship with the application.)
        3: Call (Authentication is performed only at the beginning of each call when the application receives the request.)
        4: Packet (Authentication is performed on all the data that is received from the client.)
        5: PacketIntegrity (All the data that is transferred between the client and the application is authenticated and verified.)
        6: PacketPrivacy (The properties of the other authentication levels are used, and all the data is encrypted.)

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Authority <string>
        Specifies the authority to use to authenticate the WMI connection. You can specify standard NTLM or Kerberos authentication. To use NTLM, set the authority setting to ntlmdomain:<DomainName>, where <DomainName> identifies a valid NTLM domain name. To use Kerberos, specify kerberos:<DomainName\ServerName>. You cannot include the authority setting when you connect to the local computer.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Class <string>
        Specifies the WMI class that contains a static method to call.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ComputerName <string[]>
        Specifies the computer against which you want to run the management operation. The value can be a fully qualified domain name, a NetBIOS name, or an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Use the local computer name, use localhost, or use a dot (.) to specify the local computer. The local computer is the default. When the remote computer is in a different domain from the user, a fully qualified domain name is required. You can also set the value of this parameter by piping the value to the parameter.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Credential <PSCredential>
        Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user. Type a user name, such as “User01”, “Domain01\User01”, or User@Contoso.com. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as an object that is returned by the Get-Credential cmdlet. When you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -EnableAllPrivileges [<SwitchParameter>]
        Enables all the privileges of the current user before the command makes the WMI call.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Impersonation <ImpersonationLevel>
        Specifies the impersonation level to use. Valid values are:

        0: Default (Reads the local Registry for the default impersonation level, which is usually set to “3: Impersonate”.)
        1: Anonymous (Hides the credentials of the caller.)
        2: Identify (Allows objects to query the credentials of the caller.)
        3: Impersonate (Allows objects to use the credentials of the caller.)
        4: Delegate (Allows objects to permit other objects to use the credentials of the caller.)

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -InputObject <ManagementObject>
        Specifies a ManagementObject object to use as input. When this parameter is used, all other parameters except the Flag and Argument parameters are ignored.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Locale <string>
        Specifies the preferred locale for WMI objects. Specify the value of the Locale parameter as an array in the MS_<LCID> format in the preferred order.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Name <string>
        Specifies the name of the method to be invoked. This parameter is mandatory and cannot be null or empty.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Namespace <string>
        When used with the Class parameter, this parameter specifies the WMI repository namespace where the referenced WMI class or object is located.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Path <string>
        Specifies the WMI object path of a WMI class, or specifies the WMI object path of an instance of a WMI class. The class or the instance that you specify must contain the method that is specified in the Name parameter.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ThrottleLimit <int>
        Allows the user to specify a throttling value for the number of WMI operations that can be executed simultaneously. This parameter is used together with the AsJob parameter. The throttle limit applies only to the current command, not to the session or to the computer.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
        Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    None
        This cmdlet does not accept any input.

OUTPUTS
    None
        This cmdlet does not generate any output.

NOTES

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Invoke-WmiMethod -path win32_process -Name create -ArgumentList notepad.exe

    __GENUS         : 2
    __CLASS         : __PARAMETERS
    __SUPERCLASS     :
    __DYNASTY        : __PARAMETERS
    __RELPATH        :
    __PROPERTY_COUNT : 2
    __DERIVATION     : {}
    __SERVER         :
    __NAMESPACE     :
    __PATH         :
    ProcessId        : 4844
    ReturnValue     : 0

    Description
    ———–
    This command starts an instance of Notepad by calling the Create method of the Win32_Process class.

    Note: The ReturnValue property is populated with a 0, and the ProcessId property is populated with an integer (the next process ID number) if the command is completed.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>Invoke-WmiMethod -path “CIM_DataFile.Name=’C:\scripts\test.txt'” -Name Rename -ArgumentList “C:\scripts\test_bu.txt”

    __GENUS         : 2
    __CLASS         : __PARAMETERS
    __SUPERCLASS     :
    __DYNASTY        : __PARAMETERS
    __RELPATH        :
    __PROPERTY_COUNT : 1
    __DERIVATION     : {}
    __SERVER         :
    __NAMESPACE     :
    __PATH         :
    ReturnValue     : 0

    Description
    ———–
    This command renames a file. It uses the Path parameter to reference an instance of the CIM_DataFile class. Then, it applies the Rename method to that particular instance.

    Note: The ReturnValue property is populated with a 0 if the command is completed.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113346
    Get-WmiObject
    Remove-WmiObject
    Set-WmiInstance
    Get-WSManInstance
    Invoke-WSManAction
    New-WSManInstance
    Remove-WSManInstance

cmdlet, Invoke, WSManAction

Invoke-WSManAction

NAME
    Invoke-WSManAction

SYNOPSIS
    Invokes an action on the object that is specified by the Resource URI and by the selectors.

SYNTAX
    Invoke-WSManAction [-ApplicationName <string>] [-ComputerName <string>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-Port <int>] [-UseSSL] [-ResourceURI] <Uri> [-Action] <string> [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>] [-FilePath <File>] [-OptionSet <hashtable>] [-SelectorSet <hashtable>] [-SessionOption <hashtable>] [-ValueSet <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

    Invoke-WSManAction [-ConnectionURI <Uri>] [-ResourceURI] <Uri> [-Action] <string> [-Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>] [-FilePath <File>] [-OptionSet <hashtable>] [-SelectorSet <hashtable>] [-SessionOption <hashtable>] [-ValueSet <hashtable>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Invoke-WSManAction runs an action on the object that is specified by RESOURCE_URI, where parameters are specified by key value pairs.

    This cmdlet uses the WSMan connection/transport layer to run the action.

PARAMETERS
    -Action <string>
        Indicates the method to run on the management object specified by the ResourceURI and selectors.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ApplicationName <string>
        Specifies the application name in the connection. The default value of the ApplicationName parameter is WSMan. The complete identifier for the remote endpoint is in the following format:

             <transport>://<server>:<port>/<ApplicationName>

        For example:

             http://server01:8080/WSMAN

        Internet Information Services (IIS), which hosts the session, forwards requests with this endpoint to the specified application. This default setting of “WSMAN” is appropriate for most uses. This parameter is designed to be used when numerous computers establish remote connections to one computer running Windows PowerShell. In this case, IIS hosts Web Services for Management (WS-Management) for efficiency.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                WSMan
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Authentication <AuthenticationMechanism>
        Specifies the authentication mechanism to be used at the server. Possible values are:

        – Basic: Basic is a scheme in which the user name and password are sent in clear text to the server or proxy.
        – Default : Use the authentication method implemented by the WS-Management protocol. This is the default.
        – Digest: Digest is a challenge-response scheme that uses a server-specified data string for the challenge.
        – Kerberos: The client computer and the server mutually authenticate by using Kerberos Certificates.
        – Negotiate: Negotiate is a challenge-response scheme that negotiates with the server or proxy to determine the scheme to use for authentication. For example, this parameter value allows negotiation to determine whether the Kerberos protocol or NTLM is used.
        – CredSSP: Use Credential Security Service Provider (CredSSP) authentication, which allows the user to delegate credentials. This option is designed for commands that run on one remote computer but collect data from or run additional commands on other remote computers.

        Caution: CredSSP delegates the user’s credentials from the local computer to a remote computer. This practice increases the security risk of the remote operation. If the remote computer is compromised, when credentials are passed to it, the credentials can be used to control the network session.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ComputerName <string>
        Specifies the computer against which you want to run the management operation. The value can be a fully qualified domain name, a NetBIOS name, or an IP address. Use the local computer name, use localhost, or use a dot (.) to specify the local computer. The local computer is the default. When the remote computer is in a different domain from the user, you must use a fully qualified domain name must be used. You can pipe a value for this parameter to the cmdlet.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                localhost
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ConnectionURI <Uri>
        Specifies the connection endpoint. The format of this string is:

             <Transport>://<Server>:<Port>/<ApplicationName>

        The following string is a properly formatted value for this parameter:

             http://Server01:8080/WSMAN

        The URI must be fully qualified.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Credential <PSCredential>
        Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user. Type a user name, such as “User01”, “Domain01\User01”, or User@Domain.com. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as one returned by the Get-Credential cmdlet. When you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -FilePath <File>
        Specifies the path of a file that is used to update a management resource. You specify the management resource by using the ResourceURI parameter and the SelectorSet parameter. For example, the following command uses the FilePath parameter:

        Invoke-WSManAction -Action stopservice -ResourceURI wmicimv2/Win32_Service -SelectorSet @{Name=”spooler”} -FilePath:c:\input.xml -Authentication default

        This command calls the StopService method on the Spooler service by using input from a file. The file, Input.xml, contains the following content:

        <p:StopService_INPUT xmlns:p=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_Service”/>

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -OptionSet <hashtable>
        Passes a set of switches to a service to modify or refine the nature of the request. These are similar to switches used in command-line shells because they are service specific. Any number of options can be specified.

        The following example demonstrates the syntax that passes the values 1, 2, and 3 for the a, b, and c parameters:

             -OptionSet @{a=1;b=2;c=3}

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Port <int>
        Specifies the port to use when the client connects to the WinRM service. When the transport is HTTP, the default port is 80. When the transport is HTTPS, the default port is 443. When you use HTTPS as the transport, the value of the ComputerName parameter must match the server’s Certificate common name (CN). However, if the SkipCNCheck parameter is specified as part of the SessionOption parameter, then the Certificate common name of the server does not have to match the host name of the server. The SkipCNCheck parameter should be used only for trusted machines.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ResourceURI <Uri>
        Contains the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the resource class or instance. The URI is used to identify a specific type of resource, such as disks or processes, on a computer.

        A URI consists of a prefix and a path to a resource. For example:

             http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_LogicalDisk
             http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/CIM_NumericSensor

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -SelectorSet <hashtable>
        Specifies a set of value pairs that are used to select particular management resource instances. The SelectorSet parameter is used when more than one instance of the resource exists. The value of the SelectorSet parameter must be a hash table.

        The following example shows how to enter a value for this parameter:

            -SelectorSet @{Name=”WinRM”;ID=”yyy”}

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -SessionOption <hashtable>
        Defines a set of extended options for the WS-Management session. Enter a SessionOption object that you create by using the New-WSManSessionOption cmdlet. For more information about the options that are available, see New-WSManSessionOption.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -UseSSL [<SwitchParameter>]
        Specifies that the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol should be used to establish a connection to the remote computer. By default, SSL is not used.

        WS-Management encrypts all the Windows PowerShell content that is transmitted over the network. The UseSSL parameter lets you specify the additional protection of HTTPS instead of HTTP. If SSL is not available on the port that is used for the connection and you specify this parameter, the command fails.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -ValueSet <hashtable>
        Specifies a hash table that helps modify a management resource. You specify the management resource by using the ResourceURI parameter and the SelectorSet parameter. The value of the ValueSet parameter must be a hash table.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    None
        This cmdlet does not accept any input.

OUTPUTS
    None
        This cmdlet does not generate any output.

NOTES

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Invoke-WSManAction -Action startservice -ResourceURI wmicimv2/win32_service -SelectorSet @{name=”spooler”} -Authentication default

    xsi         : http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
    p         : http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_Service
    cim         : http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/common
    lang        : en-US
    ReturnValue : 0

    Description
    ———–
    This command calls the StartService method of the Win32_Service WMI class instance that corresponds to the Spooler service.

    The return value indicates whether the action was successful. In this case, a return value of 0 indicates success. A return value of 5 indicates that the service is already started.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>Invoke-WSManAction -Action stopservice -ResourceURI wmicimv2/Win32_Service -SelectorSet @{Name=”spooler”} -FilePath:input.xml -Authentication default

    xsi         : http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
    p         : http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_Service
    cim         : http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/common
    lang        : en-US
    ReturnValue : 0

    Description
    ———–
    This command calls the StopService method on the Spooler service by using input from a file. The file, Input.xml, contains the following content:

     <p:StopService_INPUT xmlns:p=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_Service”/>

    The return value indicates whether the action was successful. In this case, a return value of 0 indicates success. A return value of 5 indicates that the service is already started.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

    C:\PS>Invoke-WSManAction -Action create -ResourceURI wmicimv2/win32_process -ValueSet @{commandline=”notepad.exe”;currentdirectory=”C:\”}

    xsi         : http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
    p         : http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_Process
    cim         : http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/common
    lang        : en-US
    ProcessId : 6356
    ReturnValue : 0

    Description
    ———–
    This command calls the Create method of the Win32_Process class. It passes the method two parameter values, Notepad.exe and “C:\”. As a result, a new process is created to run Notepad, and the current directory of the new process is set to “C:\”.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

    C:\PS>Invoke-WSManAction -Action startservice -ResourceURI wmicimv2/win32_service -SelectorSet @{name=”spooler”} -computername server01 -Authentication default

    xsi         : http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
    p         : http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wmi/root/cimv2/Win32_Service
    cim         : http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/common
    lang        : en-US
    ReturnValue : 0

    Description
    ———–
    This command calls the StartService method of the Win32_Service WMI class instance that corresponds to the Spooler service. Because the ComputerName parameter is specified, the command runs against the remote server01 computer.

    The return value indicates whether the action was successful. In this case, a return value of 0 indicates success. A return value of 5 indicates that the service is already started.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=141446
    Connect-WSMan
    Disable-WSManCredSSP
    Disconnect-WSMan
    Enable-WSManCredSSP
    Get-WSManCredSSP
    Get-WSManInstance
    New-WSManInstance
    New-WSManSessionOption
    Remove-WSManInstance
    Set-WSManInstance
    Set-WSManQuickConfig
    Test-WSMan
    Invoke-WmiMethod

cmdlet, Join, Path

Join-Path

NAME
    Join-Path

SYNOPSIS
    Combines a path and a child path into a single path. The provider supplies the path delimiters.

SYNTAX
    Join-Path [-Path] <string[]> [-ChildPath] <string> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Resolve] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Join-Path cmdlet combines a path and child-Path into a single path. The provider supplies the path delimiters.

PARAMETERS
    -ChildPath <string>
        Specifies the elements to append to the value of Path. Wildcards are permitted. The ChildPath parameter is required, although the parameter name (“ChildPath”) is optional.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Credential <PSCredential>
        Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

        Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as one generated by the Get-Credential cmdlet. If you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        This parameter is not supported by any providers installed with Windows PowerShell.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Path <string[]>
        Specifies the main path (or paths) to which the child-Path is appended. Wildcards are permitted.

        The value of Path determines which provider joins the paths and adds the path delimiters. The Path parameter is required, although the parameter name (“Path”) is optional.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Resolve [<SwitchParameter>]
        Displays the items that are referenced by the joined path.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -UseTransaction [<SwitchParameter>]
        Includes the command in the active transaction. This parameter is valid only when a transaction is in progress. For more information, see about_transactions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    System.String
        You can pipe a string that contains a path to Join-Path.

OUTPUTS
    System.String
        Join-Path returns a string that contains the resulting path.

NOTES

        The cmdlets that contain the Path noun (the Path cmdlets) manipulate path names and return the names in a concise format that all Windows PowerShell providers can interpret. They are designed for use in programs and scripts where you want to display all or part of a path name in a particular format. Use them like you would use Dirname, Normpath, Realpath, Join, or other path manipulators.

        You can use the path cmdlets with several providers, including the FileSystem, Registry, and Certificate providers.

        The Join-Path cmdlet is designed to work with the data exposed by any provider. To list the providers available in your session, type “Get-PSProvider“. For more information, see about_providers.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Join-Path -Path c:\win* -ChildPath System*

    Description
    ———–
    This command uses Join-Path to combine the “c:\Win*” path with the “System*” child path. The Windows PowerShell file system provider, FileSystem joins the path and adds the “\” delimiter.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>Join-Path c:\win* System* -Resolve

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the files and folders that are referenced by joining the “c:\Win*” path and the “System*” child path. It displays the same files and folders as Get-ChildItem, but it displays the fully qualified path to each item. In this command, the Path and ChildPath optional parameter names are omitted.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

    C:\PS>PS HKLM:\> Join-Path System *ControlSet* -Resolve

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the Registry keys in the HKLM\System Registry subkey that include “ControlSet”. This example shows how to use Join-Path with the Windows PowerShell Registry provider.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

    C:\PS>Join-Path -Path C:, D:, E:, F: -ChildPath New

    Description
    ———–
    This command uses Join-Path to combine multiple path roots with a child path.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

    C:\PS>Get-PSDrive -psprovider FileSystem | foreach {$_.root} | Join-Path -ChildPath Subdir

    Description
    ———–
    This command combines the roots of each Windows PowerShell file system drive in the console with the Subdir child path.

    The command uses the Get-PSDrive cmdlet to get the Windows PowerShell drives supported by the FileSystem provider. The ForEach statement selects only the Root property of the PSDriveInfo objects and combines it with the specified child path.

    The output shows that the Windows PowerShell drives on the computer included a drive mapped to the C:\Program Files directory.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113347
    about_providers
    Test-Path
    Split-Path
    Resolve-Path
    Convert-Path

cmdlet, EventLog, Limit

Limit-EventLog

NAME
    Limit-EventLog

SYNOPSIS
    Sets the event log properties that limit the size of the event log and the age of its entries.

SYNTAX
    Limit-EventLog [-LogName] <string[]> [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-MaximumSize <Int64>] [-OverflowAction {OverwriteAsNeeded | OverwriteOlder | DoNotOverwrite}] [-RetentionDays <int>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Limit-EventLog cmdlet sets the maximum size of a classic event log, how long each event must be retained, and what happens when the log reaches its maximum size. You can use it to limit the event logs on local or remote computers.

    The cmdlets that contain the EventLog noun (the EventLog cmdlets) work only on classic event logs. To get events from logs that use the Windows Event Log technology in Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, use Get-WinEvent.

PARAMETERS
    -ComputerName <string[]>
        Specifies a remote computer. The default is the local computer.

        Type the NetBIOS name, an Internet Protocol (IP) address, or a fully qualified domain name of a remote computer. To specify the local computer, type the computer name, a dot (.), or “localhost”.

        This parameter does not rely on Windows PowerShell remoting. You can use the ComputerName parameter of Limit-EventLog even if your computer is not configured to run remote commands.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Local computer
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -LogName <string[]>
        Specifies the event logs. Enter the log name (the value of the Log property; not the LogDisplayName) of one or more event logs , separated by commas. Wildcard characters are not permitted. This parameter is required.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -MaximumSize <Int64>
        Specifies the maximum size of the event logs in bytes. Enter a value between 64 kilobytes (KB) and 4 gigabytes (GB). The value must be divisible by 64 KB (65536).

        This parameter specifies the value of the MaximumKilobytes property of the System.Diagnostics.EventLog object that represents a classic event log.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -OverflowAction <OverflowAction>
        Specifies what happens when the event log reaches its maximum size.

        Valid values are:
        — DoNotOverwrite: Existing entries are retained and new entries are discarded.
        — OverwriteAsNeeded: Each new entry overwrites the oldest entry.
        — OverwriteOlder: New events overwrite events older than the value specified by the MinimumRetentionDays property. If there are no events older than specified by the MinimumRetentionDays property value, new events are discarded.

        This parameter specifies the value of the OverflowAction property of the System.Diagnostics.EventLog object that represents a classic event log.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -RetentionDays <int>
        Specifies the minimum number of days that an event must remain in the event log.

        This parameter specifies the value of the MinimumRetentionDays property of the System.Diagnostics.EventLog object that represents a classic event log.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                None
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
        Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    None
        None

OUTPUTS
    None
        None

NOTES

        To use Limit-EventLog on Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, open Windows PowerShell with the “Run as administrator” option.

        Limit-EventLog changes the properties of the System.Diagnostics.EventLog object that represents a classic event log. To see the current settings of the event log properties, type “Get-Eventlog -list”.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Limit-EventLog -LogName “Windows PowerShell” -MaximumSize 20KB

    Description
    ———–
    This command increases the maximum size of the Windows PowerShell event log on the local computer to 20480 kilobytes (KB) (20 KB).

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>Limit-EventLog -LogName Security -comp Server01, Server02 -RetentionDays 7

    Description
    ———–
    This command ensures that events in the Security log on the Server01 and Server02 computers are retained for at least 7 days.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

    C:\PS>$logs = Get-Eventlog -list | foreach {$_.log}

    C:\PS> Limit-EventLog -OverflowAction OverwriteOlder -LogName $logs

    C:\PS> Get-Eventlog -list

    Max(K) Retain OverflowAction     Entries Log
    —— —— ————–     ——- —
    15,168     0 OverwriteOlder     3,412 Application
     512     0 OverwriteOlder         0 DFS Replication
     512     0 OverwriteOlder         17 DxStudio
    10,240     7 OverwriteOlder         0 HardwareEvents
     512     0 OverwriteOlder         0 Internet Explorer
     512     0 OverwriteOlder         0 Key Management Service
    16,384     0 OverwriteOlder         4 ODiag
    16,384     0 OverwriteOlder         389 OSession
                                             Security
    15,168     0 OverwriteOlder     19,360 System
    15,360     0 OverwriteOlder     15,828 Windows PowerShell

    Description
    ———–
    These commands change the overflow action of all event logs on the local computer to “OverwriteOlder”.

    The first command gets the log names of all of the logs on the local computer. The second command sets the overflow action. The third command displays the results.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135227
    Clear-EventLog
    Get-EventLog
    Limit-EventLog
    New-EventLog
    Remove-EventLog
    Show-EventLog
    Write-EventLog
    Get-WinEvent

cmdlet, Command, Measure

Measure-Command

NAME
    Measure-Command

SYNOPSIS
    Measures the time it takes to run script blocks and cmdlets.

SYNTAX
    Measure-Command [-Expression] <scriptblock> [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Measure-Command cmdlet runs a script block or cmdlet internally, times the execution of the operation, and returns the execution time.

PARAMETERS
    -Expression <scriptblock>
        Specifies the expression that is being timed. Enclose the expression in curly braces ({}). The parameter name (“Expression”) is optional.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -InputObject <psobject>
        Specifies objects representing the expressions to be measured. Enter a Variable that contains the objects or type a command or expression that gets the objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    System.Management.Automation.PSObject
        You can pipe an object to Measure-Command.

OUTPUTS
    System.TimeSpan
        Measure-Command returns a time span object that represents the result.

NOTES

        For more information, type “Get-Help Measure-Command -detailed”. For technical information, type “Get-Help Measure-Command -full”.

         When specifying multiple values for a parameter, use commas to separate the values. For example, “<parameter-name> <value1>, <value2>”.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Measure-Command { Get-Eventlog “windows powershell” }

    Description
    ———–
    This command measures the time it takes to run a “Get-Eventlog” command that gets the events in the Windows PowerShell event log.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>Measure-Command {Get-ChildItem c:\windows -include *.txt -recurse}

    Days             : 0
    Hours             : 0
    Minutes         : 0
    Seconds         : 8
    Milliseconds     : 618
    Ticks             : 86182763
    TotalDays         : 9.9748568287037E-05
    TotalHours        : 0.00239396563888889
    TotalMinutes     : 0.143637938333333
    TotalSeconds     : 8.6182763
    TotalMilliseconds : 8618.2763

    C:\PS>Measure-Command {Get-ChildItem c:\windows -filter “*.txt” -recurse}

    Days             : 0
    Hours             : 0
    Minutes         : 0
    Seconds         : 1
    Milliseconds     : 140
    Ticks             : 11409189
    TotalDays         : 1.32050798611111E-05
    TotalHours        : 0.000316921916666667
    TotalMinutes     : 0.019015315
    TotalSeconds     : 1.1409189
    TotalMilliseconds : 1140.9189

    Description
    ———–
    These commands show the value of using a provider-specific filter in Windows PowerShell commands. The first command measures the time it takes to process a recursive Get-ChildItem command that uses the Include parameter. The second command measures the time it takes to process a recursive Get-ChildItem command that uses the provider-specific Filter parameter.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113348
    Trace-Command
    Invoke-Command

cmdlet, Measure, Object

Measure-Object

NAME
    Measure-Object

SYNOPSIS
    Calculates the numeric properties of objects, and the characters, words, and lines in string objects, such as files of text.

SYNTAX
    Measure-Object [-Average] [-Maximum] [-Minimum] [-Sum] [[-Property] <string[]>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

    Measure-Object [-Character] [-IgnoreWhiteSpace] [-Line] [-Word] [[-Property] <string[]>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Measure-Object cmdlet calculates the property values of certain types of object. Measure-Object performs three types of measurements, depending on the parameters in the command.
    The Measure-Object cmdlet performs calculations on the property values of objects. It can count objects and calculate the minimum, maximum, sum, and average of the numeric values. For text objects, it can count and calculate the number of lines, words, and characters.

PARAMETERS
    -Average [<SwitchParameter>]
        Displays the average value of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Character [<SwitchParameter>]
        Counts the number of characters in the input object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -IgnoreWhiteSpace [<SwitchParameter>]
        Ignores white space in word counts and character counts. By default, white space is not ignored.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -InputObject <psobject>
        Specifies the objects to be measured. Enter a Variable that contains the objects, or type a command or expression that gets the objects.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Line [<SwitchParameter>]
        Counts the number of lines in the input object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Maximum [<SwitchParameter>]
        Displays the maximum value of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Minimum [<SwitchParameter>]
        Displays the minimum value of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Property <string[]>
        Specifies one or more numeric properties to measure. The default is the Count (Length) property of the object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value                Count
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Sum [<SwitchParameter>]
        Displays the sum of the values of the specified properties.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Word [<SwitchParameter>]
        Counts the number of words in the input object.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    System.Management.Automation.PSObject
        You can pipe objects to Measure-Object.

OUTPUTS
    GenericMeasureInfo or TextMeasureInfoObject

NOTES

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Measure-Object

    Description
    ———–
    This command counts the files and folders in the current directory.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Measure-Object -Property length -Minimum -Maximum -Average

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the minimum, maximum, and sum of the sizes of all files in the current directory, and the average size of a file in the directory.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

    C:\PS>Get-Content C:\test.txt | Measure-Object -character -line -word

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the number of characters, words, and lines in the Text.txt file.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

    C:\PS>Get-Process | Measure-Object -Property workingset -Minimum -Maximum -Average

    Description
    ———–
    This command displays the minimum, maximum, and average sizes of the working sets of the processes on the computer.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

    C:\PS>Import-Csv d:\test\serviceyrs.csv | Measure-Object -Property years -Minimum -Maximum -Average

    Description
    ———–
    This command calculates the average years of service of the employees of a company.

    The ServiceYrs.csv file is a CSV file that contains the employee number and years of service of each employee. The first row in the table is a header row of “EmpNo, Years”.

    When you use Import-Csv to import the file, the result is a PSCustomObject with note properties of EmpNo and Years. You can use Measure-Object to calculate the values of these properties, just like any other property of an object.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

    C:\PS>Get-ChildItem | Measure-Object -Property psiscontainer -max -Sum -min -Average

    Count    : 126
    Average : 0.0634920634920635
    Sum     : 8
    Maximum : 1
    Minimum : 0
    Property : PSIsContainer

    Description
    ———–
    This example demonstrates the Measure-Object can measure Boolean values. In this case, it uses the PSIsContainer Boolean property to measure the incidence of folders (vs. files) in the current directory.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113349
    Compare-Object
    ForEach-Object
    Group-Object
    New-Object
    Select-Object
    Sort-Object
    Tee-Object
    Where-Object

cmdlet, Item, Move

Move-Item

NAME
    Move-Item

SYNOPSIS
    Moves an item from one location to another.

SYNTAX
    Move-Item [-LiteralPath] <string[]> [[-Destination] <string>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Force] [-Include <string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

    Move-Item [-Path] <string[]> [[-Destination] <string>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Force] [-Include <string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Move-Item cmdlet moves an item, including its properties, contents, and child items, from one location to another location. The locations must be supported by the same provider. For example, it can move a file or subdirectory from one directory to another or move a Registry subkey from one key to another. When you move an item, it is added to the new location and deleted from its original location.

PARAMETERS
    -Credential <PSCredential>
        Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

        Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”, or enter a PSCredential object, such as one generated by the Get-Credential cmdlet. If you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        This parameter is not supported by any providers installed with Windows PowerShell.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Destination <string>
        Specifies the path to the location where the items are being moved. The default is the current directory. Wildcards are permitted, but the result must specify a single location.

        To rename the item being moved, specify a new name in the value of the Destination parameter.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Exclude <string[]>
        Omits the specified items. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Filter <string>
        Specifies a filter in the provider’s format or language. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. The syntax of the filter, including the use of wildcards, depends on the provider. Filters are more efficient than other parameters, because the provider applies them when retrieving the objects, rather than having Windows PowerShell filter the objects after they are retrieved.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Force [<SwitchParameter>]
        Allows the cmdlet to move an item that writes over an existing read-only item. Implementation varies from provider to provider. For more information, see about_providers. Even using the Force parameter, the cmdlet cannot override security restrictions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Include <string[]>
        Moves only the specified items. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -LiteralPath <string[]>
        Specifies the path to the current location of the items. Unlike Path, the value of LiteralPath is used exactly as it is typed. No characters are interpreted as wildcards. If the path includes escape characters, enclose it in single quotation marks. Single quotation marks tell Windows PowerShell not to interpret any characters as escape sequences.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -PassThru [<SwitchParameter>]
        Passes an object representing the item to the pipeline. By default, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Path <string[]>
        Specifies the path to the current location of the items. The default is the current directory. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
        Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -UseTransaction [<SwitchParameter>]
        Includes the command in the active transaction. This parameter is valid only when a transaction is in progress. For more information, see about_transactions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    System.String
        You can pipe a string that contains a path to Move-Item.

OUTPUTS
    None or an object representing the moved item.
        When you use the Passthru parameter, Move-Item generates an object representing the moved item. Otherwise, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

NOTES

        Move-Item will move files between drives that are supported by the same provider, but it will move directories only within the same drive.

        Because a Move-Item command moves the properties, contents, and child items of an item, all moves are recursive by default.

        You can also refer to Move-Item by its built-in Aliases, “move”, “mv”, and “mi”. For more information, see about_aliases.

        The Move-Item cmdlet is designed to work with the data exposed by any provider. To list the providers available in your session, type “Get-PSProvider“. For more information, see about_providers.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Move-Item -Path C:\test.txt -Destination E:\Temp\tst.txt

    Description
    ———–
    This command moves the Test.txt file from the C: drive to the E:\Temp directory and renames it from “test.txt” to “tst.txt”.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>Move-Item -Path C:\Temp -Destination C:\Logs

    Description
    ———–
    This command moves the C:\Temp directory and its contents to the C:\Logs directory. The Temp directory, and all of its subdirectories and files, then appear in the Logs directory.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 3 ————————–

    C:\PS>Move-Item -Path .\*.txt -Destination C:\Logs

    Description
    ———–
    This command moves all of the text files (*.txt) in the current directory (represented by a dot (.)) to the C:\Logs directory.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 4 ————————–

    C:\PS>Get-ChildItem -Path . -recurse -Include *.txt | Move-Item -Destination C:\TextFiles

    Description
    ———–
    This command moves all of the text files from the current directory and all subdirectories, recursively, to the C:\TextFiles directory.

    The command uses the Get-ChildItem cmdlet to get all of the child items in the current directory (represented by the dot [.]) and its subdirectories that have a *.txt file name extension. It uses the Recurse parameter to make the retrieval recursive and the Include parameter to limit the retrieval to *.txt files.

    The pipeline operator (|) sends the results of this command to Move-Item, which moves the text files to the TextFiles directory.

    If files being moved to C:\Textfiles have the same name, Move-Item displays an error and continues, but it moves only one file with each name to C:\Textfiles. The other files remain in their original directories.

    If the Textfiles directory (or any other element of the destination path) does not exist, the command fails. The missing directory is not created for you, even if you use the Force parameter. Move-Item moves the first item to a file called “Textfiles” and then displays an error explaining that the file already exists.

    Also, by default, Get-ChildItem does not move hidden files. To move hidden files, use the Force parameter with Get-ChildItem.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 5 ————————–

    C:\PS>Move-Item hklm:\software\mycompany\* hklm:\software\mynewcompany

    Description
    ———–
    This command moves the Registry keys and values within the MyCompany Registry key in HKLM\Software to the MyNewCompany key. The wildcard character (*) indicates that the contents of the MyCompany key should be moved, not the key itself. In this command, the optional Path and Destination parameter names are omitted.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 6 ————————–

    C:\PS>Move-Item -literalpath ‘Logs[Sept`06]’ -Destination ‘Logs[2006]’

    Description
    ———–
    This command moves the Logs[Sept`06] directory (and its contents) into the Logs[2006] directory.

    The LiteralPath parameter is used instead of Path, because the original directory name includes left bracket and right bracket characters (“[” and “]”). The path is also enclosed in single quotation marks (‘ ‘), so that the backtick symbol (`) is not misinterpreted.

    The Destination parameter does not require a literal path, because the Destination Variable also must be enclosed in single quotation marks, because it includes brackets that can be misinterpreted.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113350
    about_providers
    Clear-Item
    Get-Item
    Invoke-Item
    Set-Item
    New-Item
    Remove-Item
    Rename-Item
    Copy-Item

cmdlet, ItemProperty, Move

Move-ItemProperty

NAME
    Move-ItemProperty

SYNOPSIS
    Moves a property from one location to another.

SYNTAX
    Move-ItemProperty [-LiteralPath] <string[]> [-Destination] <string> [-Name] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Force] [-Include <string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

    Move-ItemProperty [-Path] <string[]> [-Destination] <string> [-Name] <string[]> [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Filter <string>] [-Force] [-Include <string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The Move-ItemProperty cmdlet moves a property of an item from one item to another item. For example, it can move a Registry entry from one Registry key to another Registry key. When you move an item property, it is added to the new location and deleted from its original location.

PARAMETERS
    -Credential <PSCredential>
        Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user.

        Type a user name, such as “User01” or “Domain01\User01”, or enter a PSCredential object, such as one generated by the Get-Credential cmdlet. If you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password.

        This parameter is not supported by any providers installed with Windows PowerShell.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Destination <string>
        Specifies the path to the destination location.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Exclude <string[]>
        Omits the specified items. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Filter <string>
        Specifies a filter in the provider’s format or language. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. The syntax of the filter, including the use of wildcards, depends on the provider. Filters are more efficient than other parameters, because the provider applies them when retrieving the objects rather than having Windows PowerShell filter the objects after they are retrieved.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Force [<SwitchParameter>]
        Allows the cmdlet to move properties to or from items that cannot otherwise be accessed by the user. Implementation varies from provider to provider. For more information, see about_providers.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Include <string[]>
        Moves only the specified items. The value of this parameter qualifies the Path parameter. Enter a path element or pattern, such as “*.txt”. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -LiteralPath <string[]>
        Specifies the path to the current location of the property. Unlike Path, the value of LiteralPath is used exactly as it is typed. No characters are interpreted as wildcards. If the path includes escape characters, enclose it in single quotation marks. Single quotation marks tell Windows PowerShell not to interpret any characters as escape sequences.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Name <string[]>
        Specifies the name of the property to be moved.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    3
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -PassThru [<SwitchParameter>]
        Passes an object representing the item property. By default, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Path <string[]>
        Specifies the path to the current location of the property. Wildcards are permitted.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByValue, ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
        Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -UseTransaction [<SwitchParameter>]
        Includes the command in the active transaction. This parameter is valid only when a transaction is in progress. For more information, see about_transactions.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    System.String
        You can pipe a string that contains a path to Move-ItemProperty.

OUTPUTS
    None or System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject
        When you use the PassThru parameter, Move-ItemProperty generates a PSCustomObject representing the moved item property. Otherwise, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

NOTES

        The names of the Path, Destination, and Name parameters are optional. If you omit the parameter names, the unnamed parameter values must appear in this order: Path, Destination, Name. If you include the parameter names, the parameters can appear in any order.

        You can also refer to Move-ItemProperty by its built-in Alias, “mp”. For more information, see about_aliases.

        The Move-ItemProperty cmdlet is designed to work with the data exposed by any provider. To list the providers available in your session, type “Get-PSProvider“. For more information, see about_providers.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>Move-Itemproperty HKLM:\Software\MyCompany\MyApp -Name `
    Version -Destination HKLM:\Software\MyCompany\NewApp

    Description
    ———–
    This command moves the “Version” Registry value, and its data, from the MyApp subkey to the NewApp subkey of the HKLM\Software\MyCompany Registry key.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113351
    about_providers
    Clear-ItemProperty
    New-ItemProperty
    Copy-ItemProperty
    Rename-ItemProperty
    Get-ItemProperty
    Set-ItemProperty
    Remove-ItemProperty

Alias, cmdlet, New

New-Alias

NAME
    New-Alias

SYNOPSIS
    Creates a new Alias.

SYNTAX
    New-Alias [-Name] <string> [-Value] <string> [-Description <string>] [-Force] [-Option {None | ReadOnly | Constant | Private | AllScope}] [-PassThru] [-Scope <string>] [-Confirm] [-WhatIf] [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION
    The New-Alias cmdlet creates a new Alias in the current Windows PowerShell session. Aliases created by using New-Alias are not saved after you exit the session or close Windows PowerShell. You can use the Export-Alias cmdlet to save your Alias information to a file. You can later use Import-Alias to retrieve that saved Alias information.

PARAMETERS
    -Description <string>
        Specifies a description of the Alias. You can type any string. If the description includes spaces, enclose it in quotation marks.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Force [<SwitchParameter>]
        If set, act like Set-Alias if the Alias named already exists.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Name <string>
        Specifies the new Alias. You can use any alphanumeric characters in an Alias, but the first character cannot be a number.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    1
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Option <ScopedItemOptions>
        Sets one or more optional properties of the Alias. Valid values are:

        — None: Sets no options. (default)

        — ReadOnly: The Alias cannot be changed unless you use the Force parameter.

        — Constant: The Alias cannot be changed, even by using the Force parameter.

        — Private: The Alias is available only within the scope specified by the Scope parameter. It is invisible in all other scopes.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -PassThru [<SwitchParameter>]
        Returns an object representing the new Alias. By default, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Scope <string>
        Specifies the scope of the new Alias. Valid values are “Global”, “Local”, or “Script”, or a number relative to the current scope (0 through the number of scopes, where 0 is the current scope and 1 is its parent). “Local” is the default. For more information, see about_scopes.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Value <string>
        Specifies the name of the cmdlet or command element that is being Aliased.

        Required?                    true
        Position?                    2
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     true (ByPropertyName)
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -Confirm [<SwitchParameter>]
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    -WhatIf [<SwitchParameter>]
        Describes what would happen if you executed the command without actually executing the command.

        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value
        Accept pipeline input?     false
        Accept wildcard characters? false

    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        “Get-Help about_CommonParameters“.

INPUTS
    None
        You cannot pipe input to this cmdlet.

OUTPUTS
    None or System.Management.Automation.AliasInfo
        When you use the Passthru parameter, New-Alias generates a System.Management.Automation.AliasInfo object representing the new Alias. Otherwise, this cmdlet does not generate any output.

NOTES

        To create a new Alias, use Set-Alias or New-Alias. To change an Alias, use Set-Alias. To delete an Alias, use Remove-Item.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 1 ————————–

    C:\PS>New-Alias list Get-ChildItem

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates an Alias named “list” to represent the Get-ChildItem cmdlet.

    ————————– EXAMPLE 2 ————————–

    C:\PS>New-Alias -Name w -Value Get-WmiObject -Description “quick wmi Alias” -Option ReadOnly

    C:\PS> Get-Alias -Name w | Format-List *

    Description
    ———–
    This command creates an Alias named “w” to represent the Get-WmiObject cmdlet. It creates a description, “quick wmi Alias“, for the Alias and makes it read only. The last line of the command uses Get-Alias to get the new Alias and pipes it to Format-List to display all of the information about it.

RELATED LINKS
    Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113352
    Set-Alias
    Get-Alias
    Export-Alias
    Import-Alias